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Elementary Secondary Education1
Equations (Mathematics)1
Error of Measurement1
Estimation (Mathematics)1
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School Effectiveness1
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Journal of Educational…1
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Raudenbush, Stephen W.1
Willms, J. Douglas1
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Reports - Evaluative1
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United Kingdom (Scotland)1
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A Longitudinal Hierarchical Linear Model for Estimating School Effects and Their Stability.
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Willms, J. Douglas; Raudenbush, Stephen W. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1989
A general longitudinal model is presented for estimating school effects and their stability. The model, capable of separating true changes from sampling and measurement error, controls statistically for effects of factors exogenous to the school system. The model is illustrated with data from large cohorts of students in Scotland. (SLD)
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Equations (Mathematics), Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics)