Alternative scoring methods yield essentially the same information, including scale intercorrelations and validity. Reasons for preferring the traditional psychometric scoring technique are offered. (Author/AG)

When the precise basis of selection effect on correlation and regression equations is unknown but can be modeled by selection on a variable that is highly but not perfectly related to observed scores, the selection effects can lead to the commonly observed "overprediction" results in studies of predictive bias. (Author/PN)

Test results of 915 high school students taking a history examination with a choice of topics show that students were generally able to pick the topic on which they could get the highest score. Implications for fair scoring when topic choice is allowed are discussed. (SLD)

Contrasts "mental models" used by automated scoring for the simulation division of the computerized Architect Registration Examination with those used by experienced human graders for 3,613 candidate solutions. Discusses differences in the models used and the potential of automated scoring to enhance the validity evidence of scores. (SLD)

The validity of inferences based on achievement test scores is dependent on the amount of effort that examinees put forth while taking the test. With low-stakes tests, for which this problem is particularly prevalent, there is a consequent need for psychometric models that can take into account differing levels of examinee effort. This article…

The effects of providing total and partial immediate feedback to pupils in multiple choice testing was investigated with fifth and sixth grade pupils. The split-half reliability was higher with total feedback than with no feedback. Concurrent validity with a completion test showed all three settings to be nearly identical. (Author/JKS)

The common approach to studies of predictive bias is analyzed within the context of a conceptual model in which predictors and criterion measures are viewed as fallible indicators of idealized qualifications. (Author/PN)

Primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various scoring methods on the reliability and validity of the Primary Test of Economic Understanding (PTEU). the PTEU was designed to be scored using the matched pair procedure. (Authors)

For the principles studied here, poor item-writing practices serve to obscure (or attentuate) differences between good and poor students. (Authors)

Discusses a reading test using chunked" items -- groups of meaningfully related words in which certain groups are changed in meaning from the original passage. (Author)

Ten item discrimination indices, across a variety of item analysis situations, were compared, based on the validities of tests constructed by using each of the indices to select 40 items from a 100-item pool. Item score data were generated by a computer program and included a simulation of guessing. (Author/CTM)

Evaluations of experimental interventions which employ self-report measures are subject to contamination known as response-shift bias. Response-shift effects may be attenuated by substituting retrospective pretest ratings for the traditional self-report pretest ratings. This study indicated that the retrospective rating more accurately reflected…

Results of using multimethod factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis for the analysis of three multitrait-multimethod matrices are compared. Results suggest that the two methods can give quite different impressions of discriminant validity. In the examples considered, the former procedure tends to support discrimination while the latter…