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Steenbergen-Hu, Saiying; Cooper, Harris – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2013
In this study, we meta-analyzed empirical research of the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) on K-12 students' mathematical learning. A total of 26 reports containing 34 independent samples met study inclusion criteria. The reports appeared between 1997 and 2010. The majority of included studies compared the effectiveness of ITS…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics Achievement
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Duckworth, Angela L.; Quinn, Patrick D.; Tsukayama, Eli – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2012
The increasing prominence of standardized testing to assess student learning motivated the current investigation. We propose that standardized achievement test scores assess competencies determined more by intelligence than by self-control, whereas report card grades assess competencies determined more by self-control than by intelligence. In…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Intelligence, Grades (Scholastic), Report Cards