An unfamiliar story either was read to children from an illustrated book or presented as a televised film. Response measures examined recall of story content as well as inferences about characters and events. The groups differed in the type of information recalled and in the way inferences were made. (Author/GDC)

In these studies, authors sought to examine the role of mode of presentation in a verbal learning task, within the context of age-grade differences in two social groups. (Authors/CB)

Five- and nine-year olds' (N=80) television viewing and program recall in response to learning instructions were examined. Instructions affected visual-emphasis program segments only; visual orientation and cued recall increased in younger children; and free recall and cued recall were enhanced in older children. (Author/BS)