The main goals of this study were to test whether multiple representations, such as diagrams and equations, per se help to acquire conceptual understanding in probability, and to investigate whether learners need instructional support to utilize the potentials of multiple representations. The authors conducted an experimental study with 8…

Four learning-style instruments, differing in form, length, language, and conceptualization of learning style, were administered to 471 high school and community college students. All four instruments measured behaviors outlined by one conceptualization in the literature to comprise learning style, but none of the instruments measured all types of…