The strategy choice model (SCM) is a highly influential theory of human problem-solving. One strength of this theory is the allowance for both item and person variance to contribute to problem-solving outcomes, but this central tenet of the model has not been empirically tested. Explanatory item response theory (EIRT) provides an ideal approach to…

Introducing new concepts to learners in an order of increasing complexity appears to be beneficial for learning, but typically introduction of concepts does not always adhere to this principle. We examined whether introducing new algebra concepts in a contrasted manner or in an order of increasing complexity instead of a different more typical…

Using a randomized placebo controlled design, we examined the direct and follow-up effects (at 6 and 12 months) of a mathematics tablet intervention. Math training focused primarily on basic arithmetic (addition and subtraction facts up to 12), and secondarily on number knowledge and word problems. We investigated the moderating effects of IQ and…

Using error analysis and individual interviews, the problem-solving actions of first and second graders were analyzed. Shortcomings of children's knowledge and solution strategies were seen to be overcome by instruction. A control group, with usual arithmetic instruction, and an experimental group were established and the hypothesized…

Solution processes for simple arithmetic word problems are examined in three dimensions: the order of mention, the identity of the unknown, and the type of verb. The influence of mathematical and linguistic factors in these processes are discussed. (BJG)

Ten nursery school children who knew how to count but were unacquainted with arithmetic were taught a simple algorithm for solving single-digit addition problems and were then given extended practice. The reaction time on the final block of extended practice suggested that subjects had invented a more efficient procedure to replace the original…

The use of an elaborative process by kindergarten children in the performance of verbally presented arithmetic addition problems was investigated. A static rather than dynamic verbally described relation between stimulus sets resulted in more correct responses for two of nine Developmental Level X Prompt Condition groups, supporting the use of…

Two classes of second graders (24 high and 19 average math ability students) were taught to use differing schematic drawings to represent differing categories of addition and subtraction word problems. Results indicate that American textbooks could include many more difficult word problems than is currently the case. (TJH)