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Mayer, Richard E.; Anderson, Richard B. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1992
In 2 experiments, 280 college students studied animations depicting a mechanical operation with concurrent oral narration of the process, successive animation and narration, animation alone, narration alone, or no instruction (the control group). Results are consistent with a dual coding model of retention and problem solving. (SLD)
Descriptors: Animation, Coding, College Students, Comparative Analysis

Mayer, Richard E.; Anderson, Richard B. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1991
In two experiments, 102 mechanically naive college students viewed an animation on bicycle tire pump operation with a verbal description before or during the animation or without description. Improved performance of those receiving description during the animation supports a dual-coding hypothesis of connections between visual and verbal stimuli.…
Descriptors: Animation, Coding, College Students, Comparative Analysis