This study investigated prospective relations between older siblings' support and academic engagement and younger siblings' academic adjustment from 7th to post-8th grade. The study was unique in that it incorporated a sample of both African American and European American adolescents. Also investigated was the extent to which the gender…

There is ample evidence today in the stereotype threat literature that women and girls are influenced by gender-stereotyped expectations on standardized math tests. Despite its high relevance to education, this phenomenon has not received much attention in school settings. The present studies offer the 1st evidence to date indicating that middle…

Twenty-nine fourth grade girls were read stories with women either in traditional roles or nontraditional roles. Girls who heard nontraditional stories rated traditionally male jobs and characteristics as appropriate for females more than girls who heard traditional stories. Results are discussed in terms of sexual bias and girls' aspirations.…

The influence on children's self-efficacy and achievement through observation of peer models learning cognitive skills was investigated. The effects of modeled mastery and coping behaviors were explored. Observing a peer model led to higher self-efficacy for learning, posttest self-efficacy, and achievement. (Author/DWH)

In rating the appropriateness of nontraditional jobs for men and women, indications are that students' attitudes can be changed by exposure to nontraditional models. The study of written job descriptions which were rated by students analyzes male and female sex-typed attitudes and beliefs about appropriateness of gender to career. (CM)

Attempts to determine whether prosocial acts of cooperation and friendliness by a black or a white adolescent model influence the play of younger black and white elementary school boys. (Author)

The effect of three model variables on student performance of syntactic and semantic language behaviors in the absence of direct or vicarious reinforcement was examined. Subjects were sixth-grade students of both sexes attending New Mexico Schools. Half of the subjects and models were Chicanos and half were Anglos. (BJG)

Results indicate that reward and ignore conditions were not different but both yielded higher imitative scores than the punishment condition; same-sex models yielded higher imitation scores than opposite-sex models; lowest imitation scores were obtained by children exposed to a male experimenter and a female model. (Author/BJG)

The relationship between the science career commitment and high school science teacher models was examined for 141 female and 129 male high school students. Teacher attractiveness and science-related teacher contact affected the influence of same-sex teachers more than that of opposite-sex teachers. The implications for female participation in…

Self-modeling was studied in three experiments with a total of 148 elementary school children who had experienced difficulties in arithmetic. Observing self-model videotapes raised achievement outcome as well as viewing peer models. Self-model tapes showing skill acquisition were as effective as were tapes showing mastery. (SLD)