Five experiments were conducted in an attempt to determine if college students' memory for oral directions could be enhanced. Mnemonic, paraphrase, and control conditions were compared for level of recall and recall in correct order. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)

Compared hypermedia and traditional instruction in their contribution to declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge and retention using a pretest-posttest design. Data from ninth-grade biology students showed no significant difference between the groups in acquisition of declarative, conditional, and procedural knowledge. However, the…

For this study, high school students studied a brief history text and then: (1) answered a short-answer test; (2) answered a multiple-choice test; or (3) completed a questionnaire about study habits. Results concerning the effectiveness of these procedures on retention of material are discussed. (Authors/CJ)