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Adrian Quintero; Emmanuel Lesaffre; Geert Verbeke – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2024
Bayesian methods to infer model dimensionality in factor analysis generally assume a lower triangular structure for the factor loadings matrix. Consequently, the ordering of the outcomes influences the results. Therefore, we propose a method to infer model dimensionality without imposing any prior restriction on the loadings matrix. Our approach…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Factor Analysis, Factor Structure, Sampling
van der Linden, Wim J. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2022
The current literature on test equating generally defines it as the process necessary to obtain score comparability between different test forms. The definition is in contrast with Lord's foundational paper which viewed equating as the process required to obtain comparability of measurement scale between forms. The distinction between the notions…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Test Items, Scores, Probability
van der Linden, Wim J.; Ren, Hao – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2020
The Bayesian way of accounting for the effects of error in the ability and item parameters in adaptive testing is through the joint posterior distribution of all parameters. An optimized Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for adaptive testing is presented, which samples this distribution in real time to score the examinee's ability and optimally…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Adaptive Testing, Error of Measurement, Markov Processes
Vegetabile, Brian G.; Stout-Oswald, Stephanie A.; Davis, Elysia Poggi; Baram, Tallie Z.; Stern, Hal S. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2019
Predictability of behavior is an important characteristic in many fields including biology, medicine, marketing, and education. When a sequence of actions performed by an individual can be modeled as a stationary time-homogeneous Markov chain the predictability of the individual's behavior can be quantified by the entropy rate of the process. This…
Descriptors: Markov Processes, Prediction, Behavior, Computation
Gu, Fei; Preacher, Kristopher J.; Ferrer, Emilio – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2014
Mediation is a causal process that evolves over time. Thus, a study of mediation requires data collected throughout the process. However, most applications of mediation analysis use cross-sectional rather than longitudinal data. Another implicit assumption commonly made in longitudinal designs for mediation analysis is that the same mediation…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Models, Research Design, Case Studies
Reardon, Sean F.; Unlu, Fatih; Zhu, Pei; Bloom, Howard S. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2014
We explore the use of instrumental variables (IV) analysis with a multisite randomized trial to estimate the effect of a mediating variable on an outcome in cases where it can be assumed that the observed mediator is the only mechanism linking treatment assignment to outcomes, an assumption known in the IV literature as the exclusion restriction.…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Statistical Analysis, Least Squares Statistics, Sampling
Moses, Tim – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2008
Equating functions are supposed to be population invariant, meaning that the choice of subpopulation used to compute the equating function should not matter. The extent to which equating functions are population invariant is typically assessed in terms of practical difference criteria that do not account for equating functions' sampling…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Error of Measurement, Sampling, Evaluation Methods
Schochet, Peter Z. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2008
This article examines theoretical and empirical issues related to the statistical power of impact estimates for experimental evaluations of education programs. The author considers designs where random assignment is conducted at the school, classroom, or student level, and employs a unified analytic framework using statistical methods from the…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Research Design, Standardized Tests, Program Evaluation
von Davier, Matthias; Sinharay, Sandip – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2007
Reporting methods used in large-scale assessments such as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) rely on latent regression models. To fit the latent regression model using the maximum likelihood estimation technique, multivariate integrals must be evaluated. In the computer program MGROUP used by the Educational Testing Service for…
Descriptors: Simulation, Computer Software, Sampling, Data Analysis

Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1997
Paired-samples experimental designs are appropriate and widely used when there is a natural correspondence or pairing of scores. However, researchers must not fail to consider the implications of undetected correlation between supposedly independent samples in the absence of explicit pairing. (SLD)
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Experiments, Research Design

Seltzer, Michael H.; And Others – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1996
The Gibbs sampling algorithms presented by M. H. Seltzer (1993) are fully generalized to a broad range of settings in which vectors of random regression parameters in the hierarchical model are assumed multivariate normally or multivariate "t" distributed across groups. The use of a fully Bayesian approach is discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Bayesian Statistics, Estimation (Mathematics), Multivariate Analysis

Bradlow, Eric T. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1996
The three-parameter logistic (3-PL) model is described and a derivation of the 3-PL observed information function is presented for a single binary response from one examinee with known item parameters. Formulas are presented for the probability of negative information and for the expected information (always nonnegative). (SLD)
Descriptors: Ability, Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Item Response Theory

Thomas, Neal; Gan, Nianci – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1997
Describes and assesses missing data methods currently used to analyze data from matrix sampling designs implemented by the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Several improved methods are developed, and these models are evaluated using an EM algorithm to obtain maximum likelihood estimates followed by multiple imputation of complete data…
Descriptors: Data Analysis, Item Response Theory, Matrices, Maximum Likelihood Statistics

Little, Roderick J. A.; Rubin, Donald B. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1994
Equating a new standard test to an old reference test is considered when samples for equating are not randomly selected from the target population of test takers, identifying two problems from equating from biased samples. An empirical example with data from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery illustrates the approach. (SLD)
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Military Personnel, Sampling, Statistical Analysis