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Direct linkZimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2011
Many well-known equations in classical test theory are mathematical identities in populations of individuals but not in random samples from those populations. First, test scores are subject to the same sampling error that is familiar in statistical estimation and hypothesis testing. Second, the assumptions made in derivation of formulas in test…
Descriptors: Test Theory, Equations (Mathematics), Scores, Sampling
