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de Leeuw, Jan; Kreft, Ita G. G. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 1995
Practical problems with multilevel techniques are discussed. These problems relate to terminology, computer programs employing different algorithms, and interpretations of the coefficients in either one or two steps. The usefulness of hierarchical linear models (HLMs) in common situations in educational research is explored. While elegant, HLMs…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Computer Software, Definitions, Educational Research