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Castellano, Katherine E.; Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia; Skrondal, Anders – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2014
Investigations of the effects of schools (or teachers) on student achievement focus on either (1) individual school effects, such as value-added analyses, or (2) school-type effects, such as comparisons of charter and public schools. Controlling for school composition by including student covariates is critical for valid estimation of either kind…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Context Effect, Economics, Educational Research