The goal of this study was to evaluate the claim that young children display preferences for auditory stimuli over visual stimuli. This study was motivated by concerns that the visual stimuli employed in prior studies were considerably more complex and less distinctive than the competing auditory stimuli, resulting in an illusory preference for…

Two groups of 8-year-old children who were monolingual or bilingual completed a complex classification task in which they made semantic judgments on stimuli that were presented either visually or auditorily. The task requires coordinating a variety of executive control components, specifically working memory, inhibition, and shifting. When each of…

Adults and children (5- and 8-year-olds) performed a temporal bisection task with either auditory or visual signals and either a short (0.5-1.0s) or long (4.0-8.0s) duration range. Their working memory and attentional capacities were assessed by a series of neuropsychological tests administered in both the auditory and visual modalities. Results…

The psycholinguistic status of lexical tones and phones is indexed via phonological and tonological awareness (PA and TA, respectively) using Thai speech. In Experiment 1 (Thai participants, alphabetic script and orthographically explicit phones/tones), PA was better than TA in children and primary school-educated adults, and TA improved to PA…

An eye tracking methodology was used to evaluate 3- and 4-year-old children's sensitivity to speaker affect when resolving referential ambiguity. Children were presented with pictures of three objects on a screen (including two referents of the same kind, e.g., an intact doll and a broken doll, and one distracter item), paired with a prerecorded…

A total of 11 reading-disabled and 11 nondisabled children ages 13 and 14 were presented a list of 10 words at different rates. Immediately after the last word of each list, subjects recalled the words in any order. Results focused on the use of elaborative encoding. (Author/CI)

Administered temporal order judgment and discrimination tasks to children with reading disabilities (RD), with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with both disorders, or with neither. Found that RD children showed no specific sensitivity to the interstimulus interval and performed worse than non-RD children on speech but not nonspeech…

Two experiments tested a neo-Piagetian model of verbal short-term memory, comparing it with the articulatory loop model. Findings indicated that the proposed model accounted for effects of M capacity, word length, and presentation modality on short-term memory. The model's fit to the data was acceptable, and parameter estimates were consistent…

Significant differences between dyslexic children and controls were found in identification and discrimination of synthesized voiced stop consonants differing in place of articulation. Results suggest an inconsistency in the dyslexics' phonetic classification of auditory cues. A significant relationship was found between reading level and speech…

Describes two experiments that examined whether the amplitude of the human eyeblink by a mild tap between the eyebrows can be increased if a brief tone is presented simultaneously with the tap and how these effects change from newborn infants to adults. (HOD)

Both normal children and dyslexics had difficulty with consonants in word-initial clusters in a phoneme recognition task and a phoneme deletion task. Both groups had trouble producing spellings of syllables with initial clusters. Although dyslexics' phonological awareness and spelling skills were poorer than those of younger, normal children, the…