Three studies investigated both serial learning (SL) and retention processes among first through sixth graders. Pictorial serial list items improved SL performance only for second, third, and fourth graders, while fifth graders performed better with verbal materials and sixth-grade performance was comparable in both presentation modes. (Author/CS)

This experiment examined the spoken serial recall by adults and second grade children of aurally presented lists of digits, synthetic stop consonants, and synthetic vowels. (SB)