Free recall learning and organization were measured for third, seventh and eleventh grade children under conditions which varied the type and amount of task structure. (BD)

A series of three experiments was conducted to verify the hypothesis that age differences in paired-associate learning proficiency across adolescence stem from the development of increasing eleaborative propensity. (Author/JMB)

A sample of 107 subjects including kindergarteners, fifth graders, high school sophomores, parents of kindergarteners, and master artists were presented with a 108-item color perception test to investigate surface color perception at these age levels. A set of surface color perception rules was generated. (GO)

Examines the haptic judgments of an L figure across the ages of 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 20 years. Significant differences in the amount of haptic illusion were found. (MP)

Focuses on the development of the executive monitoring function and addresses the question of whether a rehearsal strategy is used on two different tasks where such use is appropriate. Subjects were elementary and secondary school children and adults. (MP)

Fourth and seventh grade children received four free-recall trials on lists including typical and atypical items. Levels of recall and clustering increased with age and were greater for typical than for atypical items. More older children used organizational strategies to facilitate recall. (SKC)

This study tested the hypothesis that memory for pictorial material is dependent on initial comprehension of the depicted relationships. A total of 72 second, sixth and ninth graders were compared on ability to remember cartoon pictures which did or did not contain action lines as clues to the interaction between actors. (MS)

Investigates the major theoretical question regarding the relative roles of logical and linguistic processes in development, as well as the specific outcomes of encoding and combining of logical connectives at different age levels with different contents and levels of practice. Subjects were 224 elementary, high school, and college students. (MP)

In Experiment one, 48 students in second, seventh and twelfth grades performed a recognition task in two sessions. In Experiment two, 16 second and 16 twelfth graders were subject to two response conditions, naming and recognition. (MS)

Between 24 and 26 children in each of grades 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 (with mean ages of 8.5, 10.2, 13.0, 15.0, and 16.6 years, respectively) were tested in their ability to solve linear syllogisms. (Author/MP)

Kindergarten, fourth-grade, and tenth-grade subjects were shown pictures representing combinations of high and low inter-item association and high and low category relatedness. Results support a hypothesis that young children cluster in recall as a function of associations while older individuals show organizational flexibility which serves to…

In three experiments, memory for intentionally encoded words was compared with memory for encodings, induced by asking semantic, phonemic, or surface questions. Subjects were second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students, and junior and senior high school students. (Author/MP)

First, fourth, seventh, and tenth graders were timed when solving simple and complex addition problems, then were presented similar problems in untimed interviews. Manipulation of confusion between addition and multiplication, where multiplication answers were given to addition problems (3 + 4 = 12) indicated an interrelatedness of these…

This study was designed to examine the effects of age and sex on susceptibility to field dependence training and to determine whether the field dependence phenomenon is a function of cognitive style or of a general inability to make correct judgments because of confusing and inaccurate information. (MS)