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Bailey, Drew H.; Littlefield, Andrew; Geary, David C. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
The ability to retrieve basic arithmetic facts from long-term memory contributes to individual and perhaps sex differences in mathematics achievement. The current study tracked the codevelopment of preference for using retrieval over other strategies to solve single-digit addition problems, independent of accuracy, and skilled use of retrieval…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Grades (Scholastic), Mathematics Achievement, Short Term Memory
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Caviola, Sara; Mammarella, Irene C.; Cornoldi, Cesare; Lucangeli, Daniela – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
The involvement of working memory (WM) was examined in two types of mental calculation tasks: exact and approximate. Specifically, children attending Grades 3 and 4 of primary school were involved in three experiments that examined the role of verbal and visuospatial WM in solving addition problems presented in vertical or horizontal format. For…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Short Term Memory, Grade 3, Grade 4
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Canobi, Katherine H. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
A 3-week problem-solving practice phase was used to investigate concept-procedure interactions in children's addition and subtraction. A total of 72 7- and 8-year-olds completed a pretest and posttest in which their accuracy and procedures on randomly ordered problems were recorded along with their reports of using concept-based relations in…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Arithmetic, Subtraction, Young Children
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Robinson, Katherine M.; Dube, Adam K. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
After the onset of formal schooling, little is known about the development of children's understanding of the arithmetic concepts of inversion and associativity. On problems of the form a+b-b (e.g., 3+26-26), if children understand the inversion concept (i.e., that addition and subtraction are inverse operations), then no calculations are needed…
Descriptors: Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Subtraction
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Lemaire, Patrick; Callies, Sophie – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009
Strategies used to solve two-digit addition problems (e.g., 27 + 48, Experiment 1) and two-digit subtraction problems (e.g., 73 - 59, Experiment 2) were investigated in adults and in children from Grades 3, 5, and 7. Participants were tested in choice and no-choice conditions. Results showed that (a) participants used the full decomposition…
Descriptors: Grade 3, Subtraction, Arithmetic, Mathematical Concepts
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Barrouillet, Pierre; Mignon, Mathilde; Thevenot, Catherine – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008
The aim of this study was to investigate the strategies used by third graders in solving the 81 elementary subtractions that are the inverses of the one-digit additions with addends from 1 to 9 recently studied by Barrouillet and Lepine. Although the pattern of relationship between individual differences in working memory, on the one hand, and…
Descriptors: Mental Computation, Memory, Grade 3, Subtraction
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Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Kmicikewycz, Alexander Oleksij – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008
People remember information better if they generate the information while studying rather than read the information. However, prior research has not investigated whether this generation effect extends to related but unstudied items and has not been conducted in classroom settings. We compared third graders' success on studied and unstudied…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Grade 3, Multiplication, Arithmetic
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Robinson, Katherine M.; Ninowski, Jerilyn E.; Gray, Melissa L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2006
Previous studies have shown that even preschoolers can solve inversion problems of the form a + b - b by using the knowledge that addition and subtraction are inverse operations. In this study, a new type of inversion problem of the form d x e [divided by] e was also examined. Grade 6 and 8 students solved inversion problems of both types as well…
Descriptors: Grade 6, Children, Arithmetic, Grade 8
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Rasmussen, Carmen; Ho, Elaine; Bisanz, Jeffrey – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2003
Presented preschoolers and first graders with 3-term inversion problems such as 3 + 2 - 2 and similar standard problems to examine whether children used the inversion principle and if use was based on qualitative identity, length, or quantity. Found that both age groups showed evidence of using inversion in a fully quantitative manner, indicating…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Mathematical Concepts
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Robinson, Katherine M.; Arbuthnott, Katherine D.; Rose, Danica; McCarron, Michelle C.; Globa, Carin A.; Phonexay, Sylvia D. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2006
Age-related changes in children's performance on simple division problems (e.g., 6 divided by 2, 72 divided by 9) were investigated by asking children in Grades 4 through 7 to solve 32 simple division problems. Differences in performance were found across grade, with younger children performing more slowly and less accurately than older children.…
Descriptors: Intermediate Grades, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6
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Swanson, H. Lee; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1993
Investigated the effect of children's problem schemata and working memory span on the accuracy of children's solutions of arithmetic word problems. Results supported the hypothesis that the amount of working memory resources activated is independent of schemata activation, and indicated a weak relationship between memory and problem-solving…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Classification, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
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Canobi, Katherine H. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2005
The current research explored children's ability to recognize and explain different concepts both with and without reference to physical objects so as to provide insight into the development of children's addition and subtraction understanding. In Study 1, 72 7- to 9-year-olds judged and explained a puppet's activities involving three conceptual…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Cognitive Development, Arithmetic, Individual Differences
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Geary, David C.; Hoard, Mary K.; Byrd-Craven, Jennifer; DeSoto, M. Catherine – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2004
Groups of first-grade (mean age = 82 months), third-grade (mean age = 107 months), and fifth-grade (mean age = 131 months) children with a learning disability in mathematics (MD, n=58) and their normally achieving peers (n = 91) were administered tasks that assessed their knowledge of counting principles, working memory, and the strategies used to…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Grade 5, Learning Disabilities, Memory
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Passolunghi, M. Chiara; Siegel, Linda S. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2001
Studied relations among children's short-term memory, working memory, inhibitory control, and arithmetic word-problem solving. Found that poor problem solvers had lower scores and made more intrusion errors in working memory tasks requiring inhibition of irrelevant information than good problem solvers. Findings indicated that performance relates…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Children, Comparative Analysis, Elementary School Students
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Wolters, G.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1990
Hypothesized that arithmetic calculating procedures and types of problems that necessitate more subproblems will lead to longer solution times. Data from 36 third grade students who mentally computed problems with sums greater than 20 and less than 100, confirmed both hypotheses. (RH)
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Elementary School Students