One critical aspect of learning is the ability to apply learned knowledge to new situations. This ability to transfer is often limited, and its development is not well understood. The current research investigated the development of transfer between 8 and 16 months of age. In Experiment 1, 8- and 16-month-olds (who were established to have a…

This research explores the way in which young children (5 years of age) and adults use perceptual and conceptual cues for categorizing objects processed by vision or by audition. Three experiments were carried out using forced-choice categorization tasks that allowed responses based on taxonomic relations (e.g., vehicles) or on schema category…

Major finding was that punishment presented in the same sensory modality as the reinforcement was superior to punishment presented in a different sensory modality from the reinforcement. (Author)

Experiment was designed to provide some evidence that motor cortex involvement may facilitate visual perception during the period of perceptual learning. (Author)

Two experiments, using pictorial or verbal stimuli, were designed to test encoding among young children and adults. In both experiments, results indicated progressively smaller encoding specificity effects with increasing age. Comparisons of recall patterns were conducted to ensure that encoding differences accounted for results. (Author/DB)

Examines the haptic judgments of an L figure across the ages of 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 20 years. Significant differences in the amount of haptic illusion were found. (MP)

This experiment (involving kindergarteners and fourth graders) examined the development of the ability to encode, store, and retrieve verbally-or visually-presented material when the modality of the test stimulus was varied. (JMB)

A series of three experiments with nursery school children is reported using texture cues to investigate the relationship between cue differences and learning rate. (Authors/MB)

Analogous auditory and visual central-incidental learning tasks were administered to 24 second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade and college-age subjects to study the effects of modality of presentation on memory for central and incidental stimulus materials. (Author/SB)

Examines modality differences in preschoolers' ability to recognize or recall temporally related events and extends Ward and Wackman's model by evaluating whether the assumed "visual viewing style" applies to preschoolers' processing of temporal relations. Results demonstrated that temporally related events were remembered more…