There has been considerable interest lately in cases where instrumental conditionability appears to depend on the reinforcer used. Here the effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs)on golden hamster behaviors was observed. The intent was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and…

Three experiments carried out second-order Pavlovian conditioning using either similar or dissimilar first-and second-order stimuli. All three experiments were designed to identify the effects of similarity upon conditioning as distinct from its effects upon sensitization or stimulus generalization. (Editor/RK)

Rat received conditioning based upon a food unconditioned stimulus and then received manipulations designed to reduce the value of that food. The effects of these manipulations were assessed during extinction tests of the conditioned stimuli. (Editor/RK)

Three experiments are reported in which rats first received 50 escapable or inescapable signaled-shock trials. The results of the experiments are discussed in terms of a learned active-inactive predisposition to respond. (Editor/RK)

The major question of interest in the present investigation was whether or not a UCS is more effectively represented in STM when its occurrence is relatively surprising as opposed to expected. (Author)

Two experiments demonstrated that Pavlovian counterconditioning alters not only the responses elicited by an aversive stimulus but also the capacity of that stimulus to act as a reinforcer in a fear-conditioning paradigm. (Author/RK)

Whether a stimulus compound is separable or integral has predictable consequences for several human information processing tasks. The purpose of these experiments was to explore the implications of this distinction for research in animal learning and the development of learning theory. (Author/RK)

Rats performed an intermittently reinforced operant response and received periodic presentations of a visual conditioned stimulus (CS) located either very near or far from the operant manipulandum. Findings suggest there are deficiencies in the general accounts of conditioned suppression that stress the motivational or emotional effects of…

Four experiments, all employing the conditioned suppression of licking in thirsty rats, examined the extent to which reinforcement of one component, A, of a compound conditioned stimulus, AB, would "block" conditioning to the other element, B, on the first compound trial. (Editor)

The following experiments are an attempt to clarify the role of learned safety by investigating the applicability of the concept of conditioned inhibition to a taste-aversion procedure and by differentiating its effects fromthose of latent inhibition. (Author)

The results of this study suggested that size change may contribute to the forgetting of events occurring late in development, but that neurological immaturity may underly the forgetting of earlier events. (Editor/RK)

Three experiments examined predictions generated by incorporating a common-elements account of stimulus generalization within the Rescoral-Wagner model of conditioning. (Editor)

Experimenters in the past have reported that when insulin is used as the unconditioned stimulus (US), rats will learn an aversion to a sodium chloride but not a sucrose solution, whereas with formalin as the US, they will learn an aversion to a sucrose but not a saline solution. The present experiments failed to confirm these findings. (Editor)

These experiments investigate situations in which a negative correlation involves a 24 hour delay between the occurrence of a conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus; they also investigate the mechanism by which any inhibition so produced might occur. (Author/RK)

Three experiments, employing conditioned suppression in rats, examined the extent to which pretraining on one element of a compound stimulus blocked conditioning to the other element when some feature of the reinforcer was changed on compound trials. (Editor)