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Christopher, Micaela E.; Miyake, Akira; Keenan, Janice M.; Pennington, Bruce; DeFries, John C.; Wadsworth, Sally J.; Willcutt, Erik; Olson, Richard K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, and naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading and reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, the authors analyze the…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Inhibition, Short Term Memory, Naming
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Ratcliff, Roger; Thapar, Anjali; McKoon, Gail – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
The effects of aging and IQ on performance were examined in 4 memory tasks: item recognition, associative recognition, cued recall, and free recall. For item and associative recognition, accuracy and the response time (RT) distributions for correct and error responses were explained by Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model at the level of individual…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Aging (Individuals), Context Effect, Reaction Time
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MacDonald, Stuart W. S.; Stigsdotter-Neely, Anna; Derwinger, Anna; Backman, Lars – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2006
Rate of forgetting is putatively invariant across individuals, sharing few associations with individual-differences variables known to influence encoding and retrieval. This classic topic in learning and memory was revisited using a novel statistical application, multilevel modeling, to examine whether (a) slopes of forgetting varied across…
Descriptors: Adults, Cognitive Ability, Memory, Individual Differences
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Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2005
Two studies investigated the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC), adult age, and the resolution of conflict between familiarity and recollection in short-term recognition tasks. Experiment 1 showed a specific deficit of young adults with low WMC in rejecting intrusion probes (i.e., highly familiar probes) in a modified Sternberg…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Age Differences, Structural Equation Models, Inhibition
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Hasher, Lynn; Zacks, Rose T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1979
Research on memory performance in children, the elderly, and individuals under stress is integrated with research on memory performance in college students. Assumptions include: (1) variation in attentional capacity within and between individuals, and (2) encoding operations vary in attentional requirements. Most of the data support the framework.…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Cognitive Processes, Conceptual Schemes