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Savine, Adam C.; McDaniel, Mark A.; Shelton, Jill Talley; Scullin, Michael K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2012
Prospective memory--remembering to retrieve and execute future goals--is essential to daily life. Prospective remembering is often achieved through effortful monitoring; however, potential individual differences in monitoring patterns have not been characterized. We propose 3 candidate models to characterize the individual differences present in…
Descriptors: Memory, Individual Differences, Attention, Personality
Voss, Andreas; Rothermund, Klaus; Gast, Anne; Wentura, Dirk – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2013
Cognitive processes and mechanisms underlying different forms of priming were investigated using a diffusion model approach. In a series of 6 experiments, effects of prime-target associations and of a semantic and affective categorical match of prime and target were analyzed for different tasks. Significant associative and categorical priming…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cognitive Psychology, Priming, Social Cognition
Oberauer, Klaus; Lewandowsky, Stephan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2013
The article tests the assumption that forgetting in working memory for verbal materials is caused by time-based decay, using the complex-span paradigm. Participants encoded 6 letters for serial recall; each letter was preceded and followed by a processing period comprising 4 trials of difficult visual search. Processing duration, during which…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Recall (Psychology), Maintenance, Models
Kayaert, Greet; Op de Beeck, Hans P.; Wagemans, Johan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
In recent studies, researchers have discovered a larger neural activation for stimuli that are more extreme exemplars of their stimulus class, compared with stimuli that are more prototypical. This has been shown for faces as well as for familiar and novel shape classes. We used a visual search task to look for a behavioral correlate of these…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Familiarity, Search Strategies, Psychology
Ratcliff, Roger; Thapar, Anjali; McKoon, Gail – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2011
The effects of aging and IQ on performance were examined in 4 memory tasks: item recognition, associative recognition, cued recall, and free recall. For item and associative recognition, accuracy and the response time (RT) distributions for correct and error responses were explained by Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model at the level of individual…
Descriptors: Intelligence Quotient, Aging (Individuals), Context Effect, Reaction Time
Ratcliff, Roger; Smith, Philip L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2010
The authors report 9 new experiments and reanalyze 3 published experiments that investigate factors affecting the time course of perceptual processing and its effects on subsequent decision making. Stimuli in letter-discrimination and brightness-discrimination tasks were degraded with static and dynamic noise. The onset and the time course of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Visual Discrimination, Color
Becker, Stefanie I. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2010
Current models of visual search assume that visual attention can be guided by tuning attention toward specific feature values (e.g., particular size, color) or by inhibiting the features of the irrelevant nontargets. The present study demonstrates that attention and eye movements can also be guided by a relational specification of how the target…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Attention Control, Guidance, Models
Holroyd, Clay B.; Yeung, Nick; Coles, Michael G. H.; Cohen, Jonathan D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2005
The concept of error detection plays a central role in theories of executive control. In this article, the authors present a mechanism that can rapidly detect errors in speeded response time tasks. This error monitor assigns values to the output of cognitive processes involved in stimulus categorization and response generation and detects errors…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes, Error of Measurement, Conceptual Tempo