The effects of real-world schemata on recognition of complex pictures were studied. Two kinds of pictures were used: pictures of objects forming real-world scenes and unorganized collections of the same objects. (Editor)

This series of experiments was designed to evaluate a model of picture and word encoding. The primary assumptions are that both sensory and semantic codes can be activated for both pictures and words but the relative order of access to phonemic information is different for the two types of representation. (Editor/RK)

These experiments consider similarities and differences between classifications of pictorial and verbal stimuli in order to investigate whether the kinds of information used differ depending on the stimulus class. Three hypotheses regarding the information used in picture and word classification were evaluated. (Author/RK)

This research examines how pictures differ from sentences on important memory dimensions, with specific reference to Bransford and Franks (1971). (Author/RK)

The purpose of the present experiment was to study storage properties of dual codes for pictures and words by manipulating instructions and to study retrieval properties by manipulating the representational form of the test items. (Author)