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Dissociating Stimulus-Set and Response-Set in the Context of Task-Set Switching
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Kieffaber, Paul D.; Kruschke, John K.; Cho, Raymond Y.; Walker, Philip M.; Hetrick, William P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2013
The primary aim of the present research was to determine how "stimulus-set" and "response-set" components of task-set contribute to switch costs and conflict processing. Three experiments are described wherein participants completed an explicitly cued task-switching procedure. Experiment 1 established that task switches requiring a reconfiguration…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Conflict, Reaction Time, Stimuli
Selective Impairment of Auditory Selective Attention under Concurrent Cognitive Load
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Dittrich, Kerstin; Stahl, Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Load theory predicts that concurrent cognitive load impairs selective attention. For visual stimuli, it has been shown that this impairment can be selective: Distraction was specifically increased when the stimulus material used in the cognitive load task matches that of the selective attention task. Here, we report four experiments that…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Perception
Across-Task Conflict Regulation: A Replication Failure
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Runger, Dennis; Schwager, Sabine; Frensch, Peter A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Fernandez-Duque and Knight (2008, Experiment 4) described an across-task effect of endogenously generated, anticipatory control: A cue that predicted conflict in an upcoming Eriksen flanker task modulated conflict regulation in a subsequent number Stroop task. In 3 experiments, 1 of which included an exact replication condition, we failed to…
Descriptors: Conflict, Cognitive Processes, Cues, Prediction
The Spatial Focus of Attention Is Controlled at Perceptual and Cognitive Levels
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Caparos, Serge; Linnell, Karina J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Selective attention has been hypothesized to reduce distractor interference at both perceptual and postperceptual levels (Lavie, 2005), respectively, by focusing perceptual resources on the attended location and by blocking at postperceptual levels distractors that survive perceptual selection. This study measured the impact of load on these…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Profiles
Musical Expertise, Bilingualism, and Executive Functioning
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Bialystok, Ellen; DePape, Anne-Marie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
The authors investigated whether intensive musical experience leads to enhancements in executive processing, as has been shown for bilingualism. Young adults who were bilinguals, musical performers (instrumentalists or vocalists), or neither completed 3 cognitive measures and 2 executive function tasks based on conflict. Both executive function…
Descriptors: Musicians, Young Adults, Cognitive Processes, Bilingualism
Divided Attention Abilities in Young and Old Adults.
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Somberg, Benjamin L.; Salthouse, Timothy A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1982
Two experiments on divided attention and adult aging are reported that take into account age differences in single-task performance and that measure divided attention independently of resource allocation strategies. No significant age difference in divided attention ability independent of single-task performance level was found in either…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Attention, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes