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Hasenäcker, Jana; Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Reading development involves several changes in orthographic processing. A key question is, "how does the coding of letters develops in children learning to read?" Masked priming effects of transposition and substitution primes have been taken to index the importance of letter position and identity coding. Somewhat contradicting results…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Longitudinal Studies
Tobar-Henríquez, Anita; Rabagliati, Hugh; Branigan, Holly P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Language use is intrinsically variable, such that the words we use vary widely across speakers and communicative situations. For instance, we can call the same entity "refrigerator" or "fridge." However, attempts to understand individual differences in how we process language have made surprisingly little progress, perhaps…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Language Processing, Pictorial Stimuli, Language Usage
Xiong, Jianping; Yu, Lili; Veldre, Aaron; Reichle, Erik D.; Andrews, Sally – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In this study, we examined the effects of word and character frequency across three commonly used word-identification tasks (lexical decision, naming, and sentence reading) using the same set of two-character target words (N = 60) and participants (N = 82). Facilitatory effects of word frequency were observed across all three tasks. The…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Orthographic Symbols, Chinese, Correlation
Grant, Angela M.; Brisson-McKenna, Maude; Phillips, Natalie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Most language experiences take place at the level of multiple sentences. However, previous studies of second language (L2) comprehension have typically focused on lexical- and sentence-level processing. Our study addresses this gap by examining auditory discourse comprehension in 32 English/French bilinguals. We tested the prediction of the noisy…
Descriptors: Semantics, Physiology, Bilingualism, Short Term Memory
Hampton, James A.; Passanisi, Alessia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Concepts are represented in the mind through knowledge of their extensions (the class of items to which the concept applies) and intensions (features that distinguish that class of items). A common assumption among theories of concepts is that the 2 aspects are intimately related. Hence if there is systematic individual variation in concept…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Foreign Countries, Correlation, Semantics
Poulisse, Charlotte; Wheeldon, Linda; Segaert, Katrien – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We investigated age-related differences in syntactic comprehension in young and older adults. Most previous research found no evidence of age-related decline in syntactic processing. We investigated elementary syntactic comprehension of minimal sentences (e.g., I cook), minimizing the influence of working memory. We also investigated the…
Descriptors: Syntax, Language Processing, Aging (Individuals), Short Term Memory
Friesen, Deanna C.; Ward, Olivia; Bohnet, Jessica; Cormier, Pierre; Jared, Debra – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The current study investigated whether shared phonology across languages activates cross-language meaning when reading in context. Eighty-five bilinguals read English sentences while their eye movements were tracked. Critical sentences contained English members of English-French interlingual homophone pairs (e.g., "mow"; French homophone…
Descriptors: Phonology, Language Processing, Bilingualism, Reading Processes
Tierney, Adam; Rosen, Stuart; Dick, Fred – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Speech is more difficult to understand when it is presented concurrently with a distractor speech stream. One source of this difficulty is that competing speech can act as an attentional lure, requiring listeners to exert attentional control to ensure that attention does not drift away from the target. Stronger attentional control may enable…
Descriptors: Nonverbal Ability, Individual Differences, Speech Communication, Attention Control
Ratcliff, Roger; Van Dongen, Hans P. A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Sleep deprivation adversely affects the ability to perform cognitive tasks, but theories range from predicting an overall decline in cognitive functioning because of reduced stability in attentional networks to specific deficits in various cognitive domains or processes. We measured the effects of sleep deprivation on two memory tasks, item…
Descriptors: Sleep, Reaction Time, Accuracy, Memory
Spinelli, Giacomo; Goldsmith, Samantha F.; Lupker, Stephen J.; Morton, J. Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
According to some accounts, the bilingual advantage is most pronounced in the domain of executive attention rather than inhibition and should therefore be more easily detected in conflict adaptation paradigms than in simple interference paradigms. We tested this idea using two conflict adaptation paradigms, one that elicits a list-wide…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Executive Function, Attention Control, Interference (Language)
Mulligan, Neil W.; Rawson, Katherine A.; Peterson, Daniel J.; Wissman, Kathryn T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Although memory retrieval often enhances subsequent memory, Peterson and Mulligan (2013) reported conditions under which retrieval produces poorer subsequent recall--the negative testing effect. The item-specific--relational account proposes that the effect occurs when retrieval disrupts interitem organizational processing relative to the restudy…
Descriptors: Testing, Recall (Psychology), Memory, Cognitive Ability
Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.; Navarro-Torres, Christian A.; Dussias, Paola E.; Bajo, María Teresa; Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.; Kroll, Judith F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language use hold for the way in which cognitive resources modulate language abilities. Three groups of speakers were compared, all of whom were highly proficient Spanish-English…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Schemata (Cognition), Language Usage, Psycholinguistics
Xu, Chang; Wells, Emma; LeFevre, Jo-Anne; Imbo, Ineke – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
The purpose of the present study was to examine factors that influence strategic flexibility in computational estimation for Chinese- and Canadian-educated adults. Strategic flexibility was operationalized as the percentage of trials on which participants chose the problem-based procedure that best balanced proximity to the correct answer with…
Descriptors: Computation, Problem Solving, Feedback (Response), Accuracy
Lyle, Keith B.; Hanaver-Torrez, Shelley D.; Hacklander, Ryan P.; Edlin, James M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Research has shown that consistently right-handed individuals have poorer memory than do inconsistently right- or left-handed individuals under baseline conditions but more reliably exhibit enhanced memory retrieval after making a series of saccadic eye movements. From this it could be that consistent versus inconsistent handedness, regardless of…
Descriptors: Handedness, Eye Movements, Figurative Language, Individual Differences
Andrews, Sally; Lo, Steson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
This experiment investigated whether individual differences in written language proficiency among university students predict the early stages of lexical retrieval tapped by the masked form priming lexical decision task. To separate the contributions of sublexical facilitation and lexical competition to masked form priming, the effects of prime…
Descriptors: Priming, Spelling, Written Language, Inhibition
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