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Matthew W. Lowder; Adrian Zhou; Peter C. Gordon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
"Hospital" can refer to a physical place or more figuratively to the people associated with it. Such place-for-institution metonyms are common in everyday language, but there remain several open questions in the literature regarding how they are processed. The goal of the current eyetracking experiments was to investigate how metonyms…
Descriptors: Semantics, Eye Movements, Ambiguity (Semantics), Language Processing
Cheng-Yu Hsieh; Marco Marelli; Kathleen Rastle – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Most printed Chinese words are compounds built from the combination of meaningful characters. Yet, there is a poor understanding of how individual characters contribute to the recognition of compounds. Using a megastudy of Chinese word recognition (Tse et al., 2017), we examined how the lexical decision of existing and novel Chinese compounds was…
Descriptors: Semantics, Orthographic Symbols, Chinese, Reading Processes
Floyd, Sammy; Goldberg, Adele E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Many words are associated with more than a single meaning. Words are sometimes "ambiguous," applying to unrelated meanings, but the majority of frequent words are "polysemous" in that they apply to multiple "related" meanings. In a preregistered design that included 2 tasks, we tested adults' and 4.5- to 7-year-old…
Descriptors: Vocabulary Development, Semantics, Task Analysis, Correlation
Schaper, Marie Luisa; Kuhlmann, Beatrice G.; Bayen, Ute J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Item memory and source memory are different aspects of episodic remembering. To investigate metamemory differences between them, the authors assessed systematic differences between predictions of item memory via Judgments of Learning (JOLs) and source memory via Judgments of Source (JOSs). Schema-based expectations affect JOLs and JOSs…
Descriptors: Memory, Metacognition, Schemata (Cognition), Prediction
Lampe, Leonie F.; Hameau, Solène; Nickels, Lyndsey – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
This research investigated how word production is influenced by six feature-based semantic variables (number of semantic features, intercorrelational density, number of near semantic neighbors, semantic similarity, typicality, and distinctiveness). We simultaneously investigated effects of the six semantic variables on spoken picture naming in a…
Descriptors: Semantics, Naming, Pictorial Stimuli, Psycholinguistics
Labusch, Melanie; Massol, Stéphanie; Marcet, Ana; Perea, Manuel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
An often overlooked but fundamental issue for any comprehensive model of visual-word recognition is the representation of diacritical vowels: Do diacritical and nondiacritical vowels share their abstract letter representations? Recent research suggests that the answer is "yes" in languages where diacritics indicate suprasegmental…
Descriptors: Vowels, Distinctive Features (Language), French, Pronunciation
Kiefer, Markus; Harpaintner, Marcel; Rohr, Michaela; Wentura, Dirk – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Ratings of perceptual experience on a trial-by-trial basis are increasingly used in masked priming studies to assess prime awareness. It is argued that such subjective ratings more adequately capture the content of phenomenal consciousness compared to the standard objective psychophysical measures obtained in a session after the priming…
Descriptors: Priming, Semantics, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making
Retuning of Lexical-Semantic Representations: Repetition and Spacing Effects in Word-Meaning Priming
Betts, Hannah N.; Gilbert, Rebecca A.; Cai, Zhenguang G.; Okedara, Zainab B.; Rodd, Jennifer M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Current models of word-meaning access typically assume that lexical-semantic representations of ambiguous words (e.g., 'bark of the dog/tree') reach a relatively stable state in adulthood, with only the relative frequencies of meanings and immediate sentence context determining meaning preference. However, recent experience also affects…
Descriptors: Semantics, Ambiguity (Semantics), Comparative Analysis, Priming
Logacev, Pavel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
A number of studies have found evidence for the so-called "ambiguity advantage," that is, faster processing of ambiguous sentences compared with unambiguous counterparts. While a number of proposals regarding the mechanism underlying this phenomenon have been made, the empirical evidence so far is far from unequivocal. It is compatible…
Descriptors: Phrase Structure, Accuracy, Ambiguity (Semantics), Sentences
Döring, Anna-Lisa; Abdel Rahman, Rasha; Zwitserlood, Pienie; Lorenz, Antje – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
The lexical representation of compound words in speech production is still under debate. While most studies with healthy adult speakers suggest that a single lemma representation is active during compound production, data from neuropsychological studies point toward multiple representations, with activation of the compound's constituent lemmas in…
Descriptors: Naming, Pictorial Stimuli, Task Analysis, Speech Communication
Kumar, Abhilasha A.; Balota, David A.; Steyvers, Mark – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We examined 3 different network models of representing semantic knowledge (5,018-word directed and undirected step distance networks, and an association-correlation network) to predict lexical priming effects. In Experiment 1, participants made semantic relatedness judgments for word pairs with varying path lengths. Response latencies for…
Descriptors: Semantics, Networks, Correlation, Semitic Languages
Cowan, Nelson; Guitard, Dominic; Greene, Nathaniel R.; Fiset, Sylvain – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In the traditional conception of working memory for word lists, phonological codes are used primarily, and semantic codes are often discarded or ignored. Yet, other evidence indicates an important role for semantic codes. We carried out a preplanned set of four experiments to determine whether phonological and semantic codes are used similarly or…
Descriptors: Phonology, Semantics, Short Term Memory, Rhyme
Savic, Olivera; Unger, Layla; Sloutsky, Vladimir M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Human word learning is remarkable: We not only learn thousands of words but also form organized semantic networks in which words are interconnected according to meaningful links, such as those between "apple," "juicy," and "pear." These links play key roles in our abilities to use language. How do words become…
Descriptors: Semantics, Vocabulary Development, Language Usage, Eye Movements
Howard, Philippa L.; Liversedge, Simon P.; Benson, Valerie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In 2 experiments, eye tracking methodology was used to assess on-line lexical, syntactic and semantic processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Experiment 1, lexical identification was examined by manipulating the frequency of target words. Both typically developed (TD) and ASD readers showed normal frequency effects, suggesting that the…
Descriptors: Benchmarking, Eye Movements, Syntax, Semantics
Hsiao, Yaling; Bird, Megan; Norris, Helen; Pagán, Ascensión; Nation, Kate – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Semantic diversity quantifies the similarity in the content of contexts a word has been experienced in. Four experiments investigated its effect on lexical and semantic judgments in 9- to 10-year-olds and adults. In Experiment 1, a cross-modal semantic judgment task, participants decided whether a visually presented word matched an audio…
Descriptors: Semantics, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making, Children