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Luthra, Sahil; Magnuson, James S.; Myers, Emily B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
A challenge for listeners is to learn the appropriate mapping between acoustics and phonetic categories for an individual talker. Lexically guided perceptual learning (LGPL) studies have shown that listeners can leverage lexical knowledge to guide this process. For instance, listeners learn to interpret ambiguous /s/-/[esh]/ blends as /s/ if they…
Descriptors: Listening, Language Processing, Ambiguity (Context), Phonemes
Deng, Xizi; Farris-Trimble, Ashley; Yeung, H. Henny – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Lexical access is highly contextual. For example, vowel (rime) information is prioritized over tone in the lexical access of isolated words in Mandarin Chinese, but these roles are flipped in constraining contexts. The time course of these contextual effects remains unclear, and so here we tracked the real-time eye gaze of native Mandarin speakers…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Word Recognition, Intonation, Vowels
Jesse, Alexandra – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Speakers vary in their pronunciations of the sounds in their native language. Listeners use lexical knowledge to adjust their phonetic categories to speakers' idiosyncratic pronunciations. Lexical information can, however, be inconclusive or become available too late to guide this phonetic retuning. Sentence context is known to affect lexical…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Phonetics, Sentences, Language Processing
Ingram, Joanne; Hand, Christopher J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The influence of domain knowledge on reading behavior has received limited investigation compared to the influence of, for example, context and/or word frequency. The current study tested participants with and without domain knowledge of the "Harry Potter" (HP) universe. Fans and non-fans read sentences containing HP, high-frequency…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Knowledge Level, Fiction, Word Frequency
Bhatia, Sudeep – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
This article examines how semantic memory processes influence the items that are considered by decision makers in memory-based preferential choice. Experiments 1A through 1C ask participants to list the choice items that come to their minds while deliberating in a variety of everyday choice settings. These experiments use semantic space models to…
Descriptors: Semantics, Preferences, Decision Making, Memory
Hsiao, Yaling; Bird, Megan; Norris, Helen; Pagán, Ascensión; Nation, Kate – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Semantic diversity quantifies the similarity in the content of contexts a word has been experienced in. Four experiments investigated its effect on lexical and semantic judgments in 9- to 10-year-olds and adults. In Experiment 1, a cross-modal semantic judgment task, participants decided whether a visually presented word matched an audio…
Descriptors: Semantics, Comparative Analysis, Decision Making, Children
Tiffin-Richards, Simon P.; Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Words are seldom read in isolation. Predicting or anticipating upcoming words in a text, based on the context in which they are read, is an important aspect of efficient language processing. In sentence reading, words with congruent preceding context have been shown to be processed faster than words read in neutral or incongruous contexts. The…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Eye Movements, Language Processing, Context Effect
Troyer, Melissa; Urbach, Thomas P.; Kutas, Marta – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In Troyer and Kutas (2018), individual differences in knowledge of the world of Harry Potter (HP) rapidly modulated individuals' average electrical brain potentials to contextually supported words in sentence endings. Using advances in single-trial electroencephalogram analysis, we examined whether this relationship is strictly a result of domain…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests
Dai, Haoyun; Kaan, Edith; Xu, Xiaodong – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Counterfactuals describe imagined alternatives to reality that people know to be false. Successful counterfactual comprehension therefore requires people to keep in mind both an imagined hypothetical world and the presupposed real world. "Counterfactual transparency," that is, the degree to which a context makes it easy to determine…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Semantics, Language Processing
Kaufeld, Greta; Ravenschlag, Anna; Meyer, Antje S.; Martin, Andrea E.; Bosker, Hans Rutger – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
During spoken language comprehension, listeners make use of both knowledge-based and signal-based sources of information, but little is known about how cues from these distinct levels of representational hierarchy are weighted and integrated online. In an eye-tracking experiment using the visual world paradigm, we investigated the flexible…
Descriptors: Speech Communication, Cues, Morphology (Languages), Syntax
la Roi, Amélie; Sprenger, Simone A.; Hendriks, Petra – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Whereas executive functions are known to be closely tied to successful language processing in children and younger adults, less is known about how age-related decline in these functions affects language processing in elderly adults. Because the abilities to use linguistic context and resolve potential ambiguities such as between an idiom's…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Executive Function, Language Processing, Figurative Language
Kowalski, Alix; Huang, Yi Ting – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Relative-clause sentences (RCs) have been a key test case for psycholinguistic models of comprehension. While object-relative clauses (e.g., ORCs: "The bear that 'the horse' . . .") are distinguished from subject-relative clauses (SRCs) after the second noun phrase (NP2; e.g., SRCs: "The bear that 'pushed' . . ."), role…
Descriptors: Cues, Verbal Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Sentences
Gollan, Tamar H.; Goldrick, Matthew – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The current study investigated the possibility that language switches could be relatively automatically triggered by context. "Single-word switches," in which bilinguals switched languages on a single word in midsentence and then immediately switched back, were contrasted with more complete "whole-language switches," in which…
Descriptors: Syntax, Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), Speech Communication
Beatty-Martínez, Anne L.; Navarro-Torres, Christian A.; Dussias, Paola E.; Bajo, María Teresa; Guzzardo Tamargo, Rosa E.; Kroll, Judith F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language use hold for the way in which cognitive resources modulate language abilities. Three groups of speakers were compared, all of whom were highly proficient Spanish-English…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Schemata (Cognition), Language Usage, Psycholinguistics
An Eye-Tracking Investigation of Written Sarcasm Comprehension: The Roles of Familiarity and Context
?urcan, Alexandra; Filik, Ruth – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
This article addresses a current theoretical debate between the standard pragmatic model, the graded salience hypothesis, and the implicit display theory, by investigating the roles of the context and of the properties of the sarcastic utterance itself in the comprehension of a sarcastic remark. Two eye-tracking experiments were conducted where we…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Familiarity, Language Processing, Language Usage