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Exceptions to the PRP Effect? A Comparison of Prepared and Unconditioned Reflexes
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Janczyk, Markus; Pfister, Roland; Wallmeier, Gloria; Kunde, Wilfried – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Psychological research has documented again and again marked performance decrements whenever humans perform 2 or more tasks at the same time. In fact, the available evidence seems to suggest that any type of behavior is subject to such limitations. The present experiments employed the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm to identify a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Task Analysis, Experimental Psychology, Experiments
Attentional Control and Asymmetric Associative Priming
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Hutchison, Keith A.; Heap, Shelly J.; Neely, James H.; Thomas, Matthew A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Participants completed a battery of 3 attentional control (AC) tasks (OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop, as in Hutchison, 2007) and performed a lexical decision task with symmetrically associated (e.g., "sister-brother") and asymmetrically related primes and targets presented in both the forward (e.g., "atom-bomb") and backward…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Priming, Experimental Psychology, Associative Learning
Attention Modulation by Proportion Congruency: The Asymmetrical List Shifting Effect
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Abrahamse, Elger L.; Duthoo, Wout; Notebaert, Wim; Risko, Evan F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Proportion congruency effects represent hallmark phenomena in current theorizing about cognitive control. This is based on the notion that proportion congruency determines the relative levels of attention to relevant and irrelevant information in conflict tasks. However, little empirical evidence exists that uniquely supports such an attention…
Descriptors: Attention, Experimental Psychology, Influences, Prediction
Dividing Attention Lowers Children's but Increases Adults' False Memories
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Otgaar, Henry; Peters, Maarten; Howe, Mark L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
The present study examined the impact of divided attention on children's and adults' neutral and negative true and false memories in a standard Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Children (7- and 11-year-olds; n = 126) and adults (n = 52) received 5 neutral and 5 negative Deese/Roediger-McDermott word lists; half of each group also received a…
Descriptors: Classroom Techniques, Word Lists, Attention Control, Memory
Memory Inhibition, Aging, and the Executive Deficit Hypothesis
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Ortega, Almudena; Gomez-Ariza, Carlos J.; Roman, Patricia; Bajo, M. Teresa – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Although memory inhibition seems to underlie retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF), there is some controversy about the precise nature of this effect. Because normal RIF is observed in people with deficits in executive control (i.e., older adults), some have proposed that an automatic-like inhibitory process is responsible for the effect. On the…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Young Adults, Older Adults, Memory
Working Memory, Attention Control, and the N-Back Task: A Question of Construct Validity
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Kane, Michael J.; Conway, Andrew R. A.; Miura, Timothy K.; Colflesh, Gregory J. H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2007
The n-back task requires participants to decide whether each stimulus in a sequence matches the one that appeared n items ago. Although n-back has become a standard "executive" working memory (WM) measure in cognitive neuroscience, it has been subjected to few behavioral tests of construct validity. A combined experimental-correlational study…
Descriptors: Memory, Construct Validity, Attention Control, Recognition (Psychology)