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Moshe Poliak; Rachel Ryskin; Mika Braginsky; Edward Gibson – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Under the noisy-channel framework of language comprehension, comprehenders infer the speaker's intended meaning by integrating the perceived utterance with their knowledge of the language, the world, and the kinds of errors that can occur in communication. Previous research has shown that, when sentences are improbable under the meaning prior…
Descriptors: Russian, Ambiguity (Semantics), Sentence Structure, Inferences
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Dai, Haoyun; Kaan, Edith; Xu, Xiaodong – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Counterfactuals describe imagined alternatives to reality that people know to be false. Successful counterfactual comprehension therefore requires people to keep in mind both an imagined hypothetical world and the presupposed real world. "Counterfactual transparency," that is, the degree to which a context makes it easy to determine…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Semantics, Language Processing
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Brunyé, Tad T.; Ditman, Tali; Giles, Grace E.; Holmes, Amanda; Taylor, Holly A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Readers differentially adopt an agent's perspective as a function of pronouns encountered during reading. The present study assessed the reliability of this effect across narrative contexts and self-reported variation in levels of engagement during reading. Experiment 1 used an extended sample (N = 263) and replicated an interactive influence of…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Processes, Reliability, Form Classes (Languages)
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Rohde, Hannah; Ettlinger, Marc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Although previous research has established that multiple top-down factors guide the identification of words during speech processing, the ultimate range of information sources that listeners integrate from different levels of linguistic structure is still unknown. In a set of experiments, we investigate whether comprehenders can integrate…
Descriptors: Pragmatics, Inferences, Cues, Phonetics
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Yang, Chin Lung; Perfetti, Charles A.; Schmalhofer, Franz – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2007
An event-related potentials (ERPs) study examined word-to-text integration processes across sentence boundaries. In a two-sentence passage, the accessibility of a referent for the first content word of the second sentence (the target word) was varied by the wording of the first sentence in one of the following ways: lexically (explicitly using…
Descriptors: Inferences, Sentences, Word Recognition, Lexicology
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Campion, Nicolas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
In 3 experiments, affirmative and hypothetical probes were presented after narrative texts containing conditional arguments. According to the data, readers represented modus ponens deductions as certain, except when it was only a weakly necessary cause of a given effect. They represented any logically invalid inferences resulting from affirming…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Inferences, Logical Thinking, Syntax