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Common Modality Effects in Immediate Free Recall and Immediate Serial Recall
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Grenfell-Essam, Rachel; Ward, Geoff; Tan, Lydia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In 2 experiments, participants were presented with lists of between 2 and 12 words for either immediate free recall (IFR) or immediate serial recall (ISR). Auditory recall advantages at the end of the list (modality effects) and visual recall advantages early in the list (inverse modality effects) were observed in both tasks and the extent and…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Memorization, Word Lists, Learning Modalities
Near-Independent Capacities and Highly Constrained Output Orders in the Simultaneous Free Recall of Auditory-Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Stimuli
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Cortis Mack, Cathleen; Dent, Kevin; Ward, Geoff – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments examined the immediate free recall (IFR) of auditory-verbal and visuospatial materials from single-modality and dual-modality lists. In Experiment 1, we presented participants with between 1 and 16 spoken words, with between 1 and 16 visuospatial dot locations, or with between 1 and 16 words "and" dots with synchronized…
Descriptors: Input Output Analysis, Recall (Psychology), Auditory Stimuli, Verbal Stimuli
Learning across Senses: Cross-Modal Effects in Multisensory Statistical Learning
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Mitchel, Aaron D.; Weiss, Daniel J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
It is currently unknown whether statistical learning is supported by modality-general or modality-specific mechanisms. One issue within this debate concerns the independence of learning in one modality from learning in other modalities. In the present study, the authors examined the extent to which statistical learning across modalities is…
Descriptors: Statistics, Learning Processes, Learning Modalities, Multisensory Learning
On the Auditory Modality Superiority Effect in Serial Recall: Separating Input and Output Factors
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Cowan, Nelson; Saults, J. Scott; Brown, Gordon D.A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2004
The modality effect in immediate recall refers to superior recall of the last few items within lists presented in spoken as opposed to printed form. The locus of this well-known effect has been unclear. N. Cowan, J. S. Saults, E. M. Elliott, and M. Moreno (2002) introduced a new method to distinguish between the effects of input serial position,…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Psychological Studies
Repetition Learning in the Immediate Serial Recall of Visual and Auditory Materials
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Page, Mike P. A.; Cumming, Nick; Norris, Dennis; Hitch, Graham J.; McNeil, Alan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
In 5 experiments, a Hebb repetition effect, that is, improved immediate serial recall of an (unannounced) repeating list, was demonstrated in the immediate serial recall of visual materials, even when use of phonological short-term memory was blocked by concurrent articulation. The learning of a repeatedly presented letter list in one modality…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Serial Learning, Recall (Psychology), Visual Aids
A Spatial Modality Effect in Serial Memory
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Tremblay, Sebastien; Parmentier, Fabrice B. R.; Guerard, Katherine; Nicholls, Alastair P.; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
In 2 experiments, the authors tested whether the classical modality effect--that is, the stronger recency effect for auditory items relative to visual items--can be extended to the spatial domain. An order reconstruction task was undertaken with four types of material: visual-spatial, auditory-spatial, visual-verbal, and auditory-verbal.…
Descriptors: Serial Ordering, Short Term Memory, Learning Modalities, Experimental Psychology