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Luck, Camilla C.; Lipp, Ottmar V. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In evaluative conditioning, if one shape (conditional stimulus [CS]; CSp) is paired with pleasant unconditional stimulus (US) images and another (CSu) is paired with unpleasant US images differential CS valence and US expectancy develops, such that participants evaluate the CSp as more pleasant and more predictive of pleasant images than the CSu.…
Descriptors: Learning, Conditioning, Learning Processes, Evaluative Thinking
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Aust, Frederik; Haaf, Julia M.; Stahl, Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a change in liking of neutral conditioned stimuli (CS) following pairings with positive or negative stimuli (unconditioned stimulus, US). A dissociation has been reported between US expectancy and CS evaluation in extinction learning: When CSs are presented alone subsequent to CS-US pairings, participants cease to…
Descriptors: Memory, Conditioning, Decision Making, Learning Processes
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Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K.; Lovibond, Peter F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments tested whether a peak-shifted generalization gradient could be explained by the averaging of distinct gradients displayed in subgroups reporting different generalization rules. Across experiments using a causal judgment task (Experiment 1) and a fear conditioning paradigm (Experiment 2), we found a close concordance between…
Descriptors: Generalization, Associative Learning, Discrimination Learning, Learning Theories
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Arnold, Kathleen M.; McDermott, Kathleen B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The facilitative effect of retrieval practice, or testing, on the probability of later retrieval has been the focus of much recent empirical research. A lesser known benefit of retrieval practice is that it may also enhance the ability of a learner to benefit from a subsequent restudy opportunity. This facilitative effect of retrieval practice on…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Testing, Experiments, Memory
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Warker, Jill A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Adults can rapidly learn artificial phonotactic constraints such as /"f"/ "occurs only at the beginning of syllables" by producing syllables that contain those constraints. This implicit learning is then reflected in their speech errors. However, second-order constraints in which the placement of a phoneme depends on another…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Vowels, Syllables, Phonemes
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Suzuki, Atsunobu; Honma, Yoshiko; Suga, Sayaka – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Our ability to learn about the reputations of others--that is, who is likely to cooperate versus cheat--contributes greatly to cooperativeness in society. There has been recent debate whether humans employ memory bias favoring cheaters (i.e., there is an evolved module for the detection of cheaters) or whether no such bias exists (i.e., reputation…
Descriptors: Reputation, Cheating, Cooperation, Memory
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Hoffman, Aaron B.; Murphy, Gregory L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
Three experiments compared the learning of lower-dimensional family resemblance categories (4 dimensions) with the learning of higher-dimensional ones (8 dimensions). Category-learning models incorporating error-driven learning, hypothesis testing, or limited capacity attention predict that additional dimensions should either increase learning…
Descriptors: Experiments, Classical Conditioning, Probability, Comparative Analysis
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Lindberg, Marc A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982
The retention of the conditioned response was tested in a retroactive interference paradigm. Results suggested that what is learned by children in simple conditioning paradigms is different than what is learned by adults in the same paradigms. (Author/PN)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Auditory Stimuli, Cognitive Measurement, Conditioning