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Jesse Q. Sargent; Lauren L. Richmond; Devin M. Kellis; Maverick E. Smith; Jeffrey M. Zacks – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Spatial memory is important for supporting the successful completion of everyday activities and is a particularly vulnerable domain in late life. Grouping items together in memory, or chunking, can improve spatial memory performance. In memory for desktop scale spaces and well-learned large-scale environments, error patterns suggest that…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Memory, Cognitive Processes, Aging (Individuals)
Naspi, Loris; Hoffman, Paul; Devereux, Barry; Thejll-Madsen, Tobias; Doumas, Leonidas A. A.; Morcom, Alexa – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
People often misrecognize objects that are similar to those they have previously encountered. These mnemonic discrimination errors are attributed to shared memory representations (gist) typically characterized in terms of meaning. In two experiments, we investigated multiple semantic and perceptual relations that may contribute: at the concept…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Memory, Semantics, Visual Perception
Ellinghaus, Ruben; Giel, Sophie; Ulrich, Rolf; Bausenhart, Karin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Perception is driven not only by current stimulation but also by previous sensory experience, which may serve as a perceptual prior for stimulus processing. A possible mechanism underlying this phenomenon is formalized in the internal reference model, which assumes that humans rely on an internal reference that updates continuously by integrating…
Descriptors: Perception, Stimuli, Sensory Experience, Memory
Raccah, Omri; Doelling, Keith B.; Davachi, Lila; Poeppel, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
While our perceptual experience seems to unfold continuously over time, episodic memory preserves distinct events for storage and recollection. Previous work shows that stability in encoding context serves to temporally bind individual items into sequential composite events. This phenomenon has been almost exclusively studied using visual and…
Descriptors: Acoustics, Speech Communication, Auditory Perception, Memory
Pattamadilok, Chotiga; Welby, Pauline; Tyler, Michael D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Auditory speech appears to be linked to visual articulatory gestures and orthography through different mechanisms. Yet, both types of visual information have a strong influence on speech processing. The present study directly compared their contributions to speech processing using a novel word learning paradigm. Native speakers of French, who were…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Speech Communication, Nonverbal Communication, French
Stahl, Christoph; Bading, Karoline Corinna – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
The evaluative conditioning (EC) phenomenon is central to the study of preference acquisition and attitude formation. Early studies have reported EC in the absence of awareness, but more recent work has questioned this conclusion. In previous work, using briefly presented and pattern-masked conditioned stimuli (CSs), we found that above-chance…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Perception, Stimuli, Evaluation
Lei, Xuehui; Mou, Weimin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
It is a prevailing theoretical claim that path integration is the primary means of developing global spatial representations. However, this claim is at odds with reported difficulty to develop global spatial representations of a multiscale environment using path integration. The current study tested a new hypothesis that locally similar but…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Memory
Artyom Zinchenko; Markus Conci; Hermann J. Müller; Thomas Geyer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Visual search is faster when a fixed target location is paired with a spatially invariant (vs. randomly changing) distractor configuration, thus indicating that repeated contexts are learned, thereby guiding attention to the target (contextual cueing [CC]). Evidence for memory-guided attention has also been revealed with electrophysiological…
Descriptors: Cues, Memory, Attention, Visual Perception
Besken, Miri; Mulligan, Neil W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Ancient as well as modern writers have promoted the idea that bizarre images enhance memory. Research has documented bizarreness effects, with one standard technique finding that sentences describing unusual, implausible, or bizarre scenarios are better remembered than sentences describing plausible, every day, or common scenarios. Not…
Descriptors: Memory, Visual Stimuli, Visualization, Cognitive Processes
Annac, Efsun; Pointner, Mathias; Khader, Patrick H.; Müller, Hermann J.; Zang, Xuelian; Geyer, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Repeated encounter of abstract target-distractor letter arrangements leads to improved visual search for such displays. This contextual-cueing effect is attributed to incidental learning of display configurations. Whether observers can consciously access the memory underlying the cueing effect is still a controversial issue. The current study uses…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Cues, Context Effect, Memory
Sampaio, Cristina; Wang, Ranxiao Frances – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
People's expectations help them make judgments about the world. In the area of spatial memory, the interaction of existing knowledge with incoming information is best illustrated in the category effect, a bias in positioning a target toward the prototypical location of its region (Huttenlocher et al., 1991). According to Bayesian principles, these…
Descriptors: Expectation, Probability, Spatial Ability, Memory
Fechner, Hanna B.; Pachur, Thorsten; Schooler, Lael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Older adults often face decline in cognitive resources. How does this impact their decision making--especially under high cognitive demands from concurrent activities? Do older adults' decision processes uniformly decline with increasing mental strain relative to younger adults, or do they compensate for decline by strategically reallocating…
Descriptors: Older Adults, Aging (Individuals), Decision Making, Cognitive Ability
Kelly, Laura Jane; Heit, Evan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
How does the concurrent use of language affect perception and memory for exemplars? Labels cue more general category information than a specific exemplar. Applying labels can affect the resulting memory for an exemplar. Here 3 alternative hypotheses are proposed for the role of labeling an exemplar at encoding: (a) labels distort memory toward the…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Memory, Cues, Hypothesis Testing
Fiacconi, Chris M.; Mitton, Evan E.; Laursen, Skylar J.; Skinner, Jasmyn – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Judgments of learning (JOLs) refer to explicit predictions regarding the likelihood of remembering newly acquired information on a later test of memory. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in understanding the processes that underlie such judgments. Recent theorizing on this matter has characterized JOLs as inferential in…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Memory, Tests, Cues
Guest, Duncan; Kent, Christopher; Adelman, James S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
In absolute identification, the extended generalized context model (EGCM; Kent & Lamberts, 2005, 2016) proposes that perceptual processing determines systematic response time (RT) variability; all other models of RT emphasize response selection processes. In the EGCM-RT the bow effect in RTs (longer responses for stimuli in the middle of the…
Descriptors: Perception, Memory, Identification, Reaction Time