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Cohen, Dale J.; Cromley, Amanda R.; Freda, Katelyn E.; White, Madeline – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Here, we present a strong test of the hypothesis that sacrificial moral dilemmas are solved using the same value-based decision mechanism that operates on decisions concerning economic goods. To test this hypothesis, we developed Psychological Value Theory. Psychological Value Theory is an expansion and generalization of Cohen and Ahn's (2016)…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Decision Making, Moral Values, Problem Solving
Douven, Igor; Mirabile, Patricia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
There is a wealth of evidence that people's reasoning is influenced by explanatory considerations. Little is known, however, about the exact form this influence takes, for instance about whether the influence is unsystematic or because of people's following some rule. Three experiments investigate the descriptive adequacy of a precise proposal to…
Descriptors: Probability, Bayesian Statistics, Hypothesis Testing, Thinking Skills
Vogel, Tobias; Carr, Evan W.; Davis, Tyler; Winkielman, Piotr – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Stimuli that capture the central tendency of presented exemplars are often preferred--a phenomenon also known as the classic beauty-in-averageness effect. However, recent studies have shown that this effect can reverse under certain conditions. We propose that a key variable for such ugliness-in-averageness effects is the category structure of the…
Descriptors: Interpersonal Attraction, Preferences, Stimuli, Experiments
Castela, Marta; Erdfelder, Edgar – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The recognition heuristic (RH) theory predicts that, in comparative judgment tasks, if one object is recognized and the other is not, the recognized one is chosen. The memory-state heuristic (MSH) extends the RH by assuming that choices are not affected by recognition judgments per se, but by the memory states underlying these judgments (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Memory, Heuristics, Recognition (Psychology), Hypothesis Testing
Söllner, Anke; Bröder, Arndt – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
For multiattribute decision tasks, different metaphors exist that describe the process of decision making and its adaptation to diverse problems and situations. Multiple strategy models (MSMs) assume that decision makers choose adaptively from a set of different strategies (toolbox metaphor), whereas evidence accumulation models (EAMs) hold that a…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Models, Figurative Language, Access to Information
Rusconi, Patrice; Marelli, Marco; D'Addario, Marco; Russo, Selena; Cherubini, Paolo – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Evidence evaluation is a crucial process in many human activities, spanning from medical diagnosis to impression formation. The present experiments investigated which, if any, normative model best conforms to people's intuition about the value of the obtained evidence. Psychologists, epistemologists, and philosophers of science have proposed…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Models, Intuition, Evidence
Bürki, Audrey; Laganaro, Marina; Alario, F.-Xavier – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Speakers usually produce words in connected speech. In such contexts, the form in which many words are uttered is influenced by the phonological properties of neighboring words. The current article examines the representations and processes underlying the production of phonologically constrained word form variations. For this purpose, we consider…
Descriptors: Phonology, Language Variation, Form Classes (Languages), Language Processing
Starns, Jeffrey J.; Pazzaglia, Angela M.; Rotello, Caren M.; Hautus, Michael J.; Macmillan, Neil A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Source memory zROC slopes change from below 1 to above 1 depending on which source gets the strongest learning. This effect has been attributed to memory processes, either in terms of a threshold source recollection process or changes in the variability of continuous source evidence. We propose 2 decision mechanisms that can produce the slope…
Descriptors: Memory, Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, Recall (Psychology)
Su, Yin; Rao, Li-Lin; Sun, Hong-Yue; Du, Xue-Lei; Li, Xingshan; Li, Shu – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The debate about whether making a risky choice is based on a weighting and adding process has a long history and is still unresolved. To address this long-standing controversy, we developed a comparative paradigm. Participants' eye movements in 2 risky choice tasks that required participants to choose between risky options in single-play and…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Risk, Decision Making, Task Analysis
Ghaffarzadegan, Navid; Stewart, Thomas R. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
Elwin, Juslin, Olsson, and Enkvist (2007) and Henriksson, Elwin, and Juslin (2010) offered the constructivist coding hypothesis to describe how people code the outcomes of their decisions when availability of feedback is conditional on the decision. They provided empirical evidence only for the 0.5 base rate condition. This commentary argues that…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Feedback (Response), Constructivism (Learning), Hypothesis Testing
Hilbig, Benjamin E.; Erdfelder, Edgar; Pohl, Rudiger F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
A new process model of the interplay between memory and judgment processes was recently suggested, assuming that retrieval fluency--that is, the speed with which objects are recognized--will determine inferences concerning such objects in a single-cue fashion. This aspect of the fluency heuristic, an extension of the recognition heuristic, has…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Heuristics, Memory, Goodness of Fit
White, Peter A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
When people make causal judgments from contingency information, a principal aim is to account for occurrences of the outcome. When 2 causes are under consideration, the capacity of either to account for occurrences is judged from how likely the cause is to be present when the outcome occurs and from the rate at which the outcome occurs when that…
Descriptors: Prediction, Influences, Evaluative Thinking, Weighted Scores
Rubin, Orit; Meiran, Nachshon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2005
Poorer performance in conditions involving task repetition within blocks of mixed tasks relative to task repetition within blocks of single task is called mixing cost (MC). In 2 experiments exploring 2 hypotheses regarding the origins of MC, participants either switched between cued shape and color tasks, or they performed them as single tasks.…
Descriptors: Cues, Models, Task Analysis, Hypothesis Testing
Rehder, Bob; Hoffman, Aaron B. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2005
An eyetracking study testing D. L. Medin and M. M. Schaffer's (1978) 5-4 category structure was conducted. Over 30 studies have shown that the exemplar-based generalized context model (GCM) usually provides a better quantitative account of 5-4 learning data as compared with the prototype model. However, J. D. Smith and J. P. Minda (2000) argued…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Human Body, Attention Control, Classification