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Stephen J. Lupker; Giacomo Spinelli – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Rastle et al. (2004) reported that true (e.g., walker) and pseudo (e.g., corner) multi-morphemic words prime their stem words more than form controls do (e.g., brothel priming BROTH) in a masked priming lexical decision task. This data pattern has led a number of models to propose that both of the former word types are "decomposed" into…
Descriptors: Models, Morphemes, Priming, Vocabulary
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Lupker, Stephen J.; Spinelli, Giacomo; Davis, Colin J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
A word's exterior letters, particularly its initial letter, appear to have a special status when reading. Therefore, most orthographic coding models incorporate assumptions giving initial letters and, in some cases, final letters, enhanced importance during the orthographic coding process. In the present article, 3 masked priming experiments were…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Decision Making
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Hasenäcker, Jana; Schroeder, Sascha – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Reading development involves several changes in orthographic processing. A key question is, "how does the coding of letters develops in children learning to read?" Masked priming effects of transposition and substitution primes have been taken to index the importance of letter position and identity coding. Somewhat contradicting results…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Longitudinal Studies
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Williams, Christopher R.; Cook, Anne E.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The RI-Val model of comprehension includes a validation process in which linkages formed by integration are matched against active memory. In five experiments, we investigated factors that influence validation. Reading times were measured on target sentences that contained either correct information or semantically related, but incorrect content.…
Descriptors: Semantics, Memory, Reading Rate, Sentences
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Bott, Lewis; Rees, Alice; Frisson, Steven – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Metonymic words have multiple related meanings, such as "college", as in the building ("John walked into the college") or the educational institution ("John was promoted by the college"). Most researchers have found support for direct access models of metonymy but one recent study, Lowder and Gordon (2013), found…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Reading Rate, Ambiguity (Semantics), Accuracy
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Gullifer, Jason W.; Titone, Debra – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We investigated whether cross-language activation is sensitive to shifting language demands and language experience during first and second language (i.e., L1, L2) reading. Experiment 1 consisted of L1 French-L2 English bilinguals reading in the L2, and Experiment 2 consisted of L1 English-L2 French bilinguals reading in the L1. Both groups read…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Second Language Learning, Native Language, French
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Abbott, Matthew J.; Angele, Bernhard; Ahn, Y. Danbi; Rayner, Keith – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Readers tend to skip words, particularly when they are short, frequent, or predictable. Angele and Rayner (2013) recently reported that readers are often unable to detect syntactic anomalies in parafoveal vision. In the present study, we manipulated target word predictability to assess whether contextual constraint modulates…
Descriptors: Syntax, Experimental Psychology, Prediction, Context Effect
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Adelman, James S.; Estes, Zachary – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Adelman, Marquis, Sabatos-DeVito, and Estes (2013) collected word naming latencies from 4 participants who read 2,820 words 50 times each. Their recommendation and practice was that R2 targets set for models should take into account subject idiosyncrasies as replicable patterns, equivalent to a subjects-as-fixed-effects assumption. In light of an…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Naming, Individual Differences, Multiple Regression Analysis
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Dirix, Nicolas; Cop, Uschi; Drieghe, Denis; Duyck, Wouter – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The present study assessed intra- and cross-lingual neighborhood effects, using both a generalized lexical decision task and an analysis of a large-scale bilingual eye-tracking corpus (Cop, Dirix, Drieghe, & Duyck, 2016). Using new neighborhood density and frequency measures, the general lexical decision task yielded an inhibitory…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Second Language Learning, Word Frequency, Native Language
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Masson, Michael E. J.; Kliegl, Reinhold – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Additive and interactive effects of word frequency, stimulus quality, and semantic priming have been used to test theoretical claims about the cognitive architecture of word-reading processes. Additive effects among these factors have been taken as evidence for discrete-stage models of word reading. We present evidence from linear mixed-model…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Experiments, Language Processing
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Anton, Kathryn F.; Gould, Layla; Borowsky, Ron – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Dual route models of reading suggest there are 2 pathways for reading words: an orthographic-lexical pathway, used to read familiar regular words and exception words, and a grapheme-to-phoneme-conversion-(GPC)-sublexical pathway, used to read unfamiliar regular words, pseudohomophones (PHs), and nonwords. It is unclear, however, whether PHs…
Descriptors: Intention, Semantics, Phonemes, Interference (Learning)
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Sulpizio, Simone; Arduino, Lisa S.; Paizi, Despina; Burani, Cristina – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
In 4 naming experiments we investigated how Italian readers assign stress to pseudowords. We assessed whether participants assign stress following distributional information such as stress neighborhood (the proportion and number of existent words sharing orthographic ending and stress pattern) and whether such distributional information affects…
Descriptors: Articulation (Speech), Phonology, Italian, Naming
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Besner, Derek; O'Malley, Shannon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
J. C. Ziegler, C. Perry, and M. Zorzi (2009) have claimed that their connectionist dual process model (CDP+) can simulate the data reported by S. O'Malley and D. Besner. Most centrally, they have claimed that the model simulates additive effects of stimulus quality and word frequency on the time to read aloud when words and nonwords are randomly…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Word Frequency, Models, Reading Aloud to Others
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Johnson, Rebecca L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
In responses time tasks, inhibitory neighborhood effects have been found for word pairs that differ in a transposition of two adjacent letters (e.g., "clam/calm"). Here, the author describes two eye-tracking experiments conducted to explore transposed-letter (TL) neighborhood effects within the context of normal silent reading. In…
Descriptors: Neighborhoods, Sentences, Silent Reading, Semantics
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Daneman, Meredyth; Carpenter, Patricia A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1983
Individual differences in working memory capacity affect the probability of resolving apparent inconsistencies in sentences. Resolution was less likely for readers with small working memories. Such readers devote so many resources to reading processes that they have less capacity for retaining earlier verbatim wording in working memory. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Higher Education, Individual Differences, Models