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Showing 1 to 15 of 17 results Save | Export
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Ichien, Nicholas; Lu, Hongjing; Holyoak, Keith J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Although models of word meanings based on distributional semantics have proved effective in predicting human judgments of similarity among individual concepts, it is less clear whether or how such models might be extended to account for judgments of similarity among relations between concepts. Here we combine an individual-differences approach…
Descriptors: Prediction, Semantics, Definitions, Decision Making
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Hayes, Brett K.; Liew, Shi Xian; Desai, Saoirse Connor; Navarro, Danielle J.; Wen, Yuhang – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The samples of evidence we use to make inferences in everyday and formal settings are often subject to selection biases. Two property induction experiments examined group and individual sensitivity to one type of selection bias: sampling frames - causal constraints that only allow certain types of instances to be sampled. Group data from both…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Inferences, Bias, Individual Differences
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Siegelman, Noam; Rueckl, Jay G.; Lo, Jason Chor Ming; Kearns, Devin M.; Morris, Robin D.; Compton, Donald L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Statistical views of reading highlight the link between proficient literacy and the assimilation of various regularities embedded in writing systems, including those in the mapping between print and meaning. Still, orthographic-semantic (O-S) regularities remain relatively understudied, with open questions regarding 3 issues: (a) how O-S…
Descriptors: Orthographic Symbols, Semantics, Reading Skills, Prediction
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Qi, Zhenghan; Love, Jessica; Fisher, Cynthia; Brown-Schmidt, Sarah – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Classic studies reveal two striking differences between preschoolers and adults in online sentence comprehension. Adults (a) recruit referential context cues to guide syntactic parsing, interpreting an ambiguous phrase as a modifier if a modifier is needed to single out the intended referent among multiple options, and (b) use late-arriving…
Descriptors: Preschool Teachers, Prediction, Individual Differences, Executive Function
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Cohen, Dale J.; Cromley, Amanda R.; Freda, Katelyn E.; White, Madeline – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Here, we present a strong test of the hypothesis that sacrificial moral dilemmas are solved using the same value-based decision mechanism that operates on decisions concerning economic goods. To test this hypothesis, we developed Psychological Value Theory. Psychological Value Theory is an expansion and generalization of Cohen and Ahn's (2016)…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Decision Making, Moral Values, Problem Solving
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Grant, Angela M.; Brisson-McKenna, Maude; Phillips, Natalie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Most language experiences take place at the level of multiple sentences. However, previous studies of second language (L2) comprehension have typically focused on lexical- and sentence-level processing. Our study addresses this gap by examining auditory discourse comprehension in 32 English/French bilinguals. We tested the prediction of the noisy…
Descriptors: Semantics, Physiology, Bilingualism, Short Term Memory
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Hampton, James A.; Passanisi, Alessia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Concepts are represented in the mind through knowledge of their extensions (the class of items to which the concept applies) and intensions (features that distinguish that class of items). A common assumption among theories of concepts is that the 2 aspects are intimately related. Hence if there is systematic individual variation in concept…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Foreign Countries, Correlation, Semantics
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Mulligan, Neil W.; Rawson, Katherine A.; Peterson, Daniel J.; Wissman, Kathryn T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Although memory retrieval often enhances subsequent memory, Peterson and Mulligan (2013) reported conditions under which retrieval produces poorer subsequent recall--the negative testing effect. The item-specific--relational account proposes that the effect occurs when retrieval disrupts interitem organizational processing relative to the restudy…
Descriptors: Testing, Recall (Psychology), Memory, Cognitive Ability
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Unsworth, Nash; McMillan, Brittany D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Trial-to-trial fluctuations in attentional state while performing measures of intelligence were examined in the current study. Participants performed various measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence while also providing attentional state ratings prior to each trial. It was found that pre-trial attentional state ratings strongly predicted…
Descriptors: Correlation, Attention Control, Intelligence, Prediction
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Kenett, Yoed N.; Levi, Effi; Anaki, David; Faust, Miriam – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Semantic distance is a determining factor in cognitive processes, such as semantic priming, operating upon semantic memory. The main computational approach to compute semantic distance is through latent semantic analysis (LSA). However, objections have been raised against this approach, mainly in its failure at predicting semantic priming. We…
Descriptors: Semantics, Priming, Cognitive Processes, Language Processing
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Sahakyan, Lili; Abushanab, Branden; Smith, James R.; Gray, Kendra J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Strengthening some items in a list of words impairs free recall of the remaining items in the list--a phenomenon known as the list-strength effect (LSE; e.g., Tulving & Hastie, 1972). Research indicates that whether the LSE is observed depends on the nature of the strengthening manipulation, and the effect is attributed to the enhancement of…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Context Effect, Theories, Short Term Memory
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Brunyé, Tad T.; Ditman, Tali; Giles, Grace E.; Holmes, Amanda; Taylor, Holly A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Readers differentially adopt an agent's perspective as a function of pronouns encountered during reading. The present study assessed the reliability of this effect across narrative contexts and self-reported variation in levels of engagement during reading. Experiment 1 used an extended sample (N = 263) and replicated an interactive influence of…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Processes, Reliability, Form Classes (Languages)
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Weisberg, Steven M.; Schinazi, Victor R.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F.; Epstein, Russell A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
There are marked individual differences in the formation of cognitive maps both in the real world and in virtual environments (VE; e.g., Blajenkova, Motes, & Kozhevnikov, 2005; Chai & Jacobs, 2010; Ishikawa & Montello, 2006; Wen, Ishikawa, & Sato, 2011). These differences, however, are poorly understood and can be difficult to…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Mapping, Individual Differences, Simulated Environment
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Meier, Matt E.; Kane, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Two experiments examined the relations among working memory capacity (WMC), congruency-sequence effects, proportion-congruency effects, and the color-word Stroop effect to test whether congruency-sequence effects might inform theoretical claims regarding WMC's prediction of Stroop interference. In Experiment 1, subjects completed either a…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Color, Task Analysis
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Lyle, Keith B.; Hanaver-Torrez, Shelley D.; Hacklander, Ryan P.; Edlin, James M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
Research has shown that consistently right-handed individuals have poorer memory than do inconsistently right- or left-handed individuals under baseline conditions but more reliably exhibit enhanced memory retrieval after making a series of saccadic eye movements. From this it could be that consistent versus inconsistent handedness, regardless of…
Descriptors: Handedness, Eye Movements, Figurative Language, Individual Differences
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