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Showing 1 to 15 of 81 results Save | Export
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Dobbins, Ian G. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The recognition memory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is typically asymmetric with a characteristic elevation of the left-hand portion. Whereas the unequal variance signal detection model (uvsd) assumes the asymmetry results because old item evidence is noisier than new item evidence, the dual process signal detection model (dpsd) assumes…
Descriptors: Acoustics, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Task Analysis
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Nosofsky, Robert M.; Meagher, Brian J.; Kumar, Parhesh – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
A classic issue in the cognitive psychology of human category learning has involved the contrast between exemplar and prototype models. However, experimental tests to distinguish the models have relied almost solely on use of artificially-constructed categories composed of simplified stimuli. Here we contrast the predictions from the models in a…
Descriptors: Cognitive Psychology, Natural Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Prediction
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Hayes, Brett K.; Liew, Shi Xian; Desai, Saoirse Connor; Navarro, Danielle J.; Wen, Yuhang – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The samples of evidence we use to make inferences in everyday and formal settings are often subject to selection biases. Two property induction experiments examined group and individual sensitivity to one type of selection bias: sampling frames - causal constraints that only allow certain types of instances to be sampled. Group data from both…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Inferences, Bias, Individual Differences
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Brainerd, C. J.; Nakamura, K.; Chang, M.; Bialer, D. M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Recollection rejection is traditionally defined as using verbatim traces of old items' presentations to reject new similar test cues, in old/new recognition (e.g., rejecting that "couch" is old by retrieving verbatim traces of "sofa"'s presentation). We broaden this conceptualization to include (a) old as well as new similar…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Accuracy, Cues, Cognitive Processes
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Aßfalg, André; Klauer, Karl Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We consider the proposition that reasoners represent causal conditionals such as "if John studies hard, he will do well in the test" as a causal model in which the antecedent ("John studies hard") is a potential cause of the consequent ("John does well in the test"). Some studies suggest that reasoners ignore…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Causal Models, Evaluative Thinking, Probability
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Logacev, Pavel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
A number of studies have found evidence for the so-called "ambiguity advantage," that is, faster processing of ambiguous sentences compared with unambiguous counterparts. While a number of proposals regarding the mechanism underlying this phenomenon have been made, the empirical evidence so far is far from unequivocal. It is compatible…
Descriptors: Phrase Structure, Accuracy, Ambiguity (Semantics), Sentences
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Hinterecker, Thomas; Knauff, Markus; Johnson-Laird, P. N. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Individuals draw conclusions about possibilities from assertions that make no explicit reference to them. The model theory postulates that assertions such as disjunctions refer to possibilities. Hence, a disjunction of the sort, "A or B or both," where "A" and "B" are sensible clauses, yields mental models of an…
Descriptors: Logical Thinking, Abstract Reasoning, Inferences, Probability
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Krefeld-Schwalb, Antonia; Donkin, Chris; Newell, Ben R.; Scheibehenne, Benjamin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Past research indicates that individuals respond adaptively to contextual factors in multiattribute choice tasks. Yet it remains unclear how this adaptation is cognitively governed. In this article, empirically testable implementations of two prominent competing theoretical frameworks are developed and compared across two multiattribute choice…
Descriptors: Models, Cues, Probability, Experiments
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Oaksford, Mike; Over, David; Cruz, Nicole – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Hinterecker, Knauff, and Johnson-Laird (2016) compared the adequacy of the probabilistic new paradigm in reasoning with the recent revision of mental models theory (MMT) for explaining a novel class of inferences containing the modal term "possibly." For example, "the door is closed or the window is open or both," therefore,…
Descriptors: Models, Probability, Inferences, Logical Thinking
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Lin, Hsuan-Yu; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
We constructed 4 working memory recognition models to predict behavior in the local recognition task (also called change detection), in which both content (e.g., color) and context (e.g., location) information are necessary to make correct recognition decisions. The theoretical assumptions incorporated in the models come from crossing 2 contrasts:…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Tests, Memory, Models
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Lupker, Stephen J.; Spinelli, Giacomo; Davis, Colin J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
A word's exterior letters, particularly its initial letter, appear to have a special status when reading. Therefore, most orthographic coding models incorporate assumptions giving initial letters and, in some cases, final letters, enhanced importance during the orthographic coding process. In the present article, 3 masked priming experiments were…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Priming, Decision Making
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Suh, Jihyun; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue--what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Conflict, Learning Processes
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Cohen, Dale J.; Cromley, Amanda R.; Freda, Katelyn E.; White, Madeline – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Here, we present a strong test of the hypothesis that sacrificial moral dilemmas are solved using the same value-based decision mechanism that operates on decisions concerning economic goods. To test this hypothesis, we developed Psychological Value Theory. Psychological Value Theory is an expansion and generalization of Cohen and Ahn's (2016)…
Descriptors: Hypothesis Testing, Decision Making, Moral Values, Problem Solving
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Aust, Frederik; Haaf, Julia M.; Stahl, Christoph – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Evaluative conditioning (EC) is a change in liking of neutral conditioned stimuli (CS) following pairings with positive or negative stimuli (unconditioned stimulus, US). A dissociation has been reported between US expectancy and CS evaluation in extinction learning: When CSs are presented alone subsequent to CS-US pairings, participants cease to…
Descriptors: Memory, Conditioning, Decision Making, Learning Processes
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Anderson, Francis T.; Rummel, Jan; McDaniel, Mark A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
In prospective memory (PM) research, costs (slowed responding to the ongoing task when a PM task is present relative to when it is not) have typically been interpreted as implicating an attentionally demanding monitoring process. To inform this interpretation, Heathcote, Loft, and Remington (2015), using an accumulator model, found that PM-related…
Descriptors: Memory, Responses, Behavior, Cues
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