The lexical representation of compound words in speech production is still under debate. While most studies with healthy adult speakers suggest that a single lemma representation is active during compound production, data from neuropsychological studies point toward multiple representations, with activation of the compound's constituent lemmas in…

The nature of memory processes has been inferred from (1) direct comparisons of recognition and cued recall performance, (2) indirect comparisons using different types of target stimuli, and (3) studies of recognition varying target material. Investigators have overlooked the possibility that recognition performance can be manipulated by changing…