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Naspi, Loris; Hoffman, Paul; Devereux, Barry; Thejll-Madsen, Tobias; Doumas, Leonidas A. A.; Morcom, Alexa – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
People often misrecognize objects that are similar to those they have previously encountered. These mnemonic discrimination errors are attributed to shared memory representations (gist) typically characterized in terms of meaning. In two experiments, we investigated multiple semantic and perceptual relations that may contribute: at the concept…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Memory, Semantics, Visual Perception
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Liefooghe, Baptist; Hughes, Sean; Schmidt, James R.; De Houwer, Jan – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Automaticity can be established by consistently reinforcing contingencies during practice. During reinforcement learning, however, new relations can also be derived, which were never directly reinforced. For instance, reinforcing the overlapping contingencies A [right arrow] B and A [right arrow] C, can lead to a new relation B-C, which was never…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Visual Stimuli, Interference (Learning), Reaction Time
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Dempsey, Jack; Liu, Qiawen; Christianson, Kiel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Previous work has ostensibly shown that readers rapidly adapt to less predictable ambiguity resolutions after repeated exposure to unbalanced statistical input (e.g., a high number of reduced relative-clause garden-path sentences), and that these readers grow to disfavor the a priori more frequent (e.g. main verb) resolution after exposure (Fine,…
Descriptors: Probability, Cues, Syntax, Ambiguity (Semantics)
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Thothathiri, Malathi; Braiuca, Maria C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Previous studies using artificial languages suggest that sentence production can be guided by verb-specific as well as verb-general statistics present in the language input. Here we investigated whether the statistical properties of ongoing input in the speakers' native language systematically affected their sentence production. Three experiments…
Descriptors: Verbs, Cues, Semantics, Cognitive Mapping
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Kinoshita, Sachiko; Mills, Luke; Norris, Dennis – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Using the oral and manual Stroop tasks we tested the claim that retrieval of meaning from a written word is automatic, in the sense that it cannot be controlled. The semantic interference effect (greater interference caused by color-related words than color-neutral words) was used as the index of semantic activation. To manipulate the level of…
Descriptors: Semantics, Color, Interference (Learning), Visual Stimuli
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Giesen, Carina; Rothermund, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Stimulus-response (S-R) episodes are formed whenever a response is executed in close temporal proximity to a stimulus. Subsequent stimulus repetition will retrieve the episode from memory, reactivating the previous response. Whereas many research findings attest to the flexibility of representing stimulus features, only little is known about the…
Descriptors: Semantics, Motor Reactions, Task Analysis, Memory
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Shao, Zeshu; Roelofs, Ardi; Martin, Randi C.; Meyer, Antje S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
In 2 studies, we examined whether explicit distractors are necessary and sufficient to evoke selective inhibition in 3 naming tasks: the semantic blocking, picture-word interference, and color-word Stroop task. Delta plots were used to quantify the size of the interference effects as a function of reaction time (RT). Selective inhibition was…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Pictorial Stimuli, Semantics, Interference (Learning)
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Lee, Yuh-shiow; Lee, Huang-mou; Fawcett, Jonathan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
In an item-method-directed forgetting task, Chinese words were presented individually, each followed by an instruction to remember or forget. Colored probe items were presented following each memory instruction requiring a speeded color-naming response. Half of the probe items were novel and unrelated to the preceding study item, whereas the…
Descriptors: Memory, Color, Naming, Interference (Learning)
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Anton, Kathryn F.; Gould, Layla; Borowsky, Ron – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Dual route models of reading suggest there are 2 pathways for reading words: an orthographic-lexical pathway, used to read familiar regular words and exception words, and a grapheme-to-phoneme-conversion-(GPC)-sublexical pathway, used to read unfamiliar regular words, pseudohomophones (PHs), and nonwords. It is unclear, however, whether PHs…
Descriptors: Intention, Semantics, Phonemes, Interference (Learning)
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Piai, Vitória; Roelofs, Ardi; Schriefers, Herbert – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Disagreement exists regarding the functional locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming. This effect is a cornerstone of modern psycholinguistic models of word production, which assume that it arises in lexical response-selection. However, recent evidence from studies of dual-task performance suggests a locus in…
Descriptors: Semantics, Naming, Task Analysis, Pictorial Stimuli
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Spataro, Pietro; Mulligan, Neil W.; Rossi-Arnaud, Clelia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Distraction during encoding has long been known to disrupt later memory performance. Contrary to this long-standing result, we show that detecting an infrequent target in a dual-task paradigm actually improves memory encoding for a concurrently presented word, above and beyond the performance reached in the full-attention condition. This absolute…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Attention
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Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Gibson, Bradley S.; McNerney, M. Windy – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2011
In the current study, we explored the influence of synesthesia on memory for word lists. We tested 10 grapheme-color synesthetes who reported an experience of color when reading letters or words. We replicated a previous finding that memory is compromised when synesthetic color is incongruent with perceptual color. Beyond this, we found that,…
Descriptors: Semantics, Graphemes, Word Lists, Memory
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Hutchison, Keith A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2007
In 2 experiments, participants completed both an attentional control battery (OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop tasks) and a modified semantic priming task. The priming task measured relatedness proportion (RP) effects within subjects, with the color of the prime indicating the probability that the to-be-named target would be related. In Experiment…
Descriptors: Semantics, Probability, Attention Control, Task Analysis
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Mulligan, Neil W.; Lozito, Jeffrey P.; Rosner, Zachary A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2006
Generation enhances memory for occurrence but may not enhance other aspects of memory. The present study further delineates the negative generation effect in context memory reported in N. W. Mulligan (2004). First, the negative generation effect occurred for perceptual attributes of the target item (its color and font) but not for extratarget…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Age Differences, Memory, Color