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Wang, Benchi; Theeuwes, Jan; Olivers, Christian N. L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Evidence shows that visual working memory (VWM) is strongly served by attentional mechanisms, whereas other evidence shows that VWM representations readily survive when attention is being taken away. To reconcile these findings, we tested the hypothesis that directing attention away makes a memory representation vulnerable to interference from the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Test Items, Foreign Countries
Beesley, Tom; Hanafi, Gunadi; Vadillo, Miguel A.; Shanks, David R.; Livesey, Evan J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments examined biases in selective attention during contextual cuing of visual search. When participants were instructed to search for a target of a particular color, overt attention (as measured by the location of fixations) was biased strongly toward distractors presented in that same color. However, when participants searched for…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Bias, Visual Perception
Wang, Benchi; Cao, Xiaohua; Theeuwes, Jan; Olivers, Christian N. L.; Wang, Zhiguo – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Recent empirical and theoretical work suggests that visual features such as color and orientation can be stored or retrieved independently in visual working memory (VWM), even in cases when they belong to the same object. Yet it remains unclear whether different feature dimensions have their own capacity limits, or whether they compete for shared…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Experiments, Memorization
Isolating Component Processes of Posterror Slowing with the Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm
Steinhauser, Marco; Ernst, Benjamin; Ibald, Kevin W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Posterror slowing (PES) refers to an increased response time following errors. While PES has traditionally been attributed to control adjustments, recent evidence suggested that PES reflects interference. The present study investigated the hypothesis that control and interference represent 2 components of PES that differ with respect to their time…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Interference (Learning), Cognitive Processes, Classification
Heusser, Andrew C.; Ezzyat, Youssef; Shiff, Ilana; Davachi, Lila – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Episodic memories are not veridical records of our lives, but rather are better described as organized summaries of experience. Theories and empirical research suggest that shifts in perceptual, temporal, and semantic information lead to a chunking of our continuous experiences into segments, or "events." However, the consequences of…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Associative Learning, Memory, Cognitive Processes
Cochrane, Brett A.; Nwabuike, Andrea A.; Thomson, David R.; Milliken, Bruce – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Maljkovic and Nakayama (1994) found that pop-out search performance is more efficient when a singleton target feature repeats rather than switches from 1 trial to the next--an effect known as priming of pop-out (PoP). They also reported findings indicating that the PoP effect is strongly automatic, as it was unaffected by knowledge of the upcoming…
Descriptors: Imagery, Priming, Visual Stimuli, Color
Dias, Patricia; Villameriel, Saúl; Giezen, Marcel R.; Costello, Brendan; Carreiras, Manuel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
This study investigated whether language control during language production in bilinguals generalizes across modalities, and to what extent the language control system is shaped by competition for the same articulators. Using a cued language-switching paradigm, we investigated whether switch costs are observed when hearing signers switch between a…
Descriptors: Code Switching (Language), Bilingualism, Sign Language, Reaction Time
Lin, Olivia Y.-H.; MacLeod, Colin M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments investigated the learning of simple associations in a color-word contingency task. Participants responded manually to the print colors of 3 words, with each word associated strongly to 1 of the 3 colors and weakly to the other 2 colors. Despite the words being irrelevant, response times to high-contingency stimuli and to…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Learning Processes, Contingency Management, Color
Robison, Matthew K.; Unsworth, Nash – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Individuals with greater cognitive abilities generally show reduced rates of mind-wandering when completing relatively demanding tasks (Randall, Oswald, & Beier, 2014). However, it is yet unclear whether elevated rates of mind-wandering among low-ability individuals are manifestations of deliberate, intentional episodes of mind-wandering…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Task Analysis
Rajsic, Jason; Swan, Garrett; Wilson, Daryl E.; Pratt, Jay – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In this article, we demonstrate limitations of accessibility of information in visual working memory (VWM). Recently, cued-recall has been used to estimate the fidelity of information in VWM, where the feature of a cued object is reproduced from memory (Bays, Catalao, & Husain, 2009; Wilken & Ma, 2004; Zhang & Luck, 2008). Response…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Visual Perception, Cues
Kruijne, Wouter; Meeter, Martijn – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Studies on "intertrial priming" have shown that in visual search experiments, the preceding trial automatically affects search performance: facilitating it when the target features repeat and giving rise to switch costs when they change--so-called (short-term) intertrial priming. These effects also occur at longer time scales: When 1 of…
Descriptors: Priming, Color, Bias, Long Term Memory
Gregory, Samantha E. A.; Jackson, Margaret C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
Joint attention--the mutual focus of 2 individuals on an item--speeds detection and discrimination of target information. However, what happens to that information beyond the initial perceptual episode? To fully comprehend and engage with our immediate environment also requires working memory (WM), which integrates information from second to…
Descriptors: Attention, Short Term Memory, Eye Movements, Cues
Rey-Mermet, Alodie; Gade, Miriam; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Inhibition is often conceptualized as a unitary construct reflecting the ability to ignore and suppress irrelevant information. At the same time, it has been subdivided into inhibition of prepotent responses (i.e., the ability to stop dominant responses) and resistance to distracter interference (i.e., the ability to ignore distracting…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Age Differences, Individual Differences, Responses
Giesen, Carina; Rothermund, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Stimulus-response (S-R) episodes are formed whenever a response is executed in close temporal proximity to a stimulus. Subsequent stimulus repetition will retrieve the episode from memory, reactivating the previous response. Whereas many research findings attest to the flexibility of representing stimulus features, only little is known about the…
Descriptors: Semantics, Motor Reactions, Task Analysis, Memory
Reimer, Jason F.; Radvansky, Gabriel A.; Lorsbach, Thomas C.; Armendarez, Joseph J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Recently, a great deal of research has demonstrated that although everyday experience is continuous in nature, it is parsed into separate events. The aim of the present study was to examine whether event structure can influence the effectiveness of cognitive control. Across 5 experiments we varied the structure of events within the AX-CPT by…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Attention Control, Experience, Experiments
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