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Common Modality Effects in Immediate Free Recall and Immediate Serial Recall
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Grenfell-Essam, Rachel; Ward, Geoff; Tan, Lydia – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
In 2 experiments, participants were presented with lists of between 2 and 12 words for either immediate free recall (IFR) or immediate serial recall (ISR). Auditory recall advantages at the end of the list (modality effects) and visual recall advantages early in the list (inverse modality effects) were observed in both tasks and the extent and…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Memorization, Word Lists, Learning Modalities
Near-Independent Capacities and Highly Constrained Output Orders in the Simultaneous Free Recall of Auditory-Verbal and Visuo-Spatial Stimuli
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Cortis Mack, Cathleen; Dent, Kevin; Ward, Geoff – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Three experiments examined the immediate free recall (IFR) of auditory-verbal and visuospatial materials from single-modality and dual-modality lists. In Experiment 1, we presented participants with between 1 and 16 spoken words, with between 1 and 16 visuospatial dot locations, or with between 1 and 16 words "and" dots with synchronized…
Descriptors: Input Output Analysis, Recall (Psychology), Auditory Stimuli, Verbal Stimuli