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Kurtz, Kenneth J.; Honke, Garrett – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
A fundamental goal in the study of human cognition is to understand the transfer of knowledge. This goes hand-in-hand with the translational goal of promoting such transfer via instructional techniques. Despite a rich history of research using the analogical problem-solving paradigm, no study activity has been found to produce a robust rate of…
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Concept Formation, Classification, Experiments
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Norberg, Kole A.; Perfetti, Charles; Helder, Anne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Eye tracking and event-related potentials (ERPs) have complementary advantages in the study of reading processes. We used eye tracking to extend ERP evidence of Helder et al. (2020) that word-to-text integration at the beginnings and ends of sentences is primarily determined by local text factors (antecedents in a previous sentence) but that…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Diagnostic Tests, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Nouns
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Andrews, Sally; Veldre, Aaron; Wong, Roslyn; Yu, Lili; Reichle, Erik D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Facilitated identification of predictable words during online reading has been attributed to the generation of predictions about upcoming words. But highly predictable words are relatively infrequent in natural texts, raising questions about the utility and ubiquity of anticipatory prediction strategies. This study investigated the contribution of…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Prediction
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Zhou, Lin; Perfetti, Charles – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Phonological interference during written-word meaning judgments occurs in both Chinese and English, suggesting that word-level phonological activation is universal rather than dependent on the sublexical structures that vary with writing systems. To accommodate this universality, we distinguish two sources of phonological congruence between a…
Descriptors: Phonology, Interference (Language), Orthographic Symbols, Alphabets
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Villata, Sandra; Franck, Julie – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Studies on agreement production consistently report an increase in production errors in the presence of an attractor mismatching the agreement feature of the target. In contrast, results from comprehension studies are mixed, ranging from lack of effect to facilitation. We report 2 forced-choice experiments and 2 self-paced reading experiments on…
Descriptors: Form Classes (Languages), Interference (Language), Language Processing, Grammar
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Cutter, Michael G.; Martin, Andrea E.; Sturt, Patrick – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
We investigated whether readers use the low-level cue of proper noun capitalization in the parafovea to infer syntactic category, and whether this results in an early update of the representation of a sentence's syntactic structure. Participants read sentences containing either a subject relative or object relative clause, in which the relative…
Descriptors: Nouns, Phrase Structure, Syntax, Eye Movements
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Troyer, Melissa; Urbach, Thomas P.; Kutas, Marta – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
In Troyer and Kutas (2018), individual differences in knowledge of the world of Harry Potter (HP) rapidly modulated individuals' average electrical brain potentials to contextually supported words in sentence endings. Using advances in single-trial electroencephalogram analysis, we examined whether this relationship is strictly a result of domain…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests
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Zang, Chuanli; Du, Hong; Bai, Xuejun; Yan, Guoli; Liversedge, Simon P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Two experiments are reported to investigate whether Chinese readers skip a high-frequency preview word without taking the syntax of the sentence context into account. In Experiment 1, we manipulated target word syntactic category, frequency, and preview using the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975). For high-frequency verb targets, there were…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Chinese, Syntax, Word Frequency
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Williams, Christopher R.; Cook, Anne E.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The RI-Val model of comprehension includes a validation process in which linkages formed by integration are matched against active memory. In five experiments, we investigated factors that influence validation. Reading times were measured on target sentences that contained either correct information or semantically related, but incorrect content.…
Descriptors: Semantics, Memory, Reading Rate, Sentences
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Mor, Billy; Prior, Anat – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Reading efficiently in a second language (L2) is a crucial skill, but it is not universally achieved. Here we ask whether L2 reading efficiency is better captured as a language specific skill or whether it is mostly shared across L1 and L2, relying on general language abilities. To this end, we examined word frequency and predictability effects in…
Descriptors: Prediction, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Reading Comprehension
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Wei, Tao; Schnur, Tatiana T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Processing semantically related stimuli creates interference across various domains of cognition, including language and memory. In this study, we identify the locus and mechanism of interference when retrieving meanings associated with words and pictures. Subjects matched a probe stimulus (e.g., cat) to its associated target picture (e.g., yarn)…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cues, Pictorial Stimuli, Interference (Learning)
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Hintz, Florian; Jongman, Suzanne R.; Dijkhuis, Marjolijn; van 't Hoff, Vera; McQueen, James M.; Meyer, Antje S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Lexical access is a core component of word processing. In order to produce or comprehend a word, language users must access word forms in their mental lexicon. However, despite its involvement in both tasks, previous research has often studied lexical access in either production or comprehension alone. Therefore, it is unknown to which extent…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Language Processing, Vocabulary Skills, Language Usage
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Olkoniemi, Henri; Ranta, Henri; Kaakinen, Johanna K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
The present study examined individual differences in the processing of different forms of figurative language. Sixty participants read sarcastic, metaphorical, and literal sentences embedded in story contexts while their eye movements were recorded, and responded to a text memory and an inference question after each story. Individual differences…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Individual Differences, Figurative Language, Eye Movements
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Alemán Bañón, José; Miller, David; Rothman, Jason – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
We examined sources of morphological variability in second language (L2) learners of Spanish whose native language (L1) is English, with a focus on L1-L2 similarity, morphological markedness, and knowledge type (receptive vs. expressive). Experiment 1 uses event-related potentials to examine noun-adjective number (present in L1) and gender…
Descriptors: Morphology (Languages), Second Language Learning, Spanish, Native Language
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Brunyé, Tad T.; Ditman, Tali; Giles, Grace E.; Holmes, Amanda; Taylor, Holly A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Readers differentially adopt an agent's perspective as a function of pronouns encountered during reading. The present study assessed the reliability of this effect across narrative contexts and self-reported variation in levels of engagement during reading. Experiment 1 used an extended sample (N = 263) and replicated an interactive influence of…
Descriptors: Language Processing, Reading Processes, Reliability, Form Classes (Languages)
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