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Rosedahl, Luke A.; Ashby, F. Gregory – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
In rule-based (RB) category-learning tasks, the optimal strategy is a simple explicit rule, whereas in information-integration (II) tasks, the optimal strategy is impossible to describe verbally. This study investigates the effects of two different category properties on learning difficulty in category learning tasks--namely, linear separability…
Descriptors: Classification, Learning, College Students, Difficulty Level
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Peper, Phil; Alakbarova, Durna; Ball, B. Hunter – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to complete a task at the appropriate moment in the future. Past research has found reminders can improve PM performance in both laboratory and naturalistic settings, but few projects have examined the circumstances when and what types of reminders are most beneficial. Three experiments in…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Memory, Cues
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Donna Bryce; Florian Kattner; Teresa Birngruber; Paul Wellingerhof – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Knowing what one knows and accurately monitoring one's own capacities and performance on a moment-to-moment basis are important determinants of task success. Individual differences in such metacognitive monitoring are well documented, but what determines an individual's monitoring accuracy in a particular context is yet to be fully understood. One…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Short Term Memory, Metacognition, Recall (Psychology)
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Madeleine Long; Hannah Rohde; Michelle Oraa Ali; Paula Rubio-Fernandez – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
This study aims to advance our understanding of the nature and source(s) of individual differences in pragmatic language behavior over the adult lifespan. Across four story continuation experiments, we probed adults' (N = 496 participants, ages 18-82) choice of referential forms (i.e., names vs. pronouns to refer to the main character). Our…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Individual Differences, Pragmatics, Aging (Individuals)
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Belletier, Clément; Camos, Valérie; Barrouillet, Pierre – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Several working memory (WM) theories assume a resource sharing between the maintenance of information and its processing, whereas other theories suppose that these 2 functions of WM rely on different pools of resources. Studies that addressed this question by examining whether dual-task costs occur in tasks combining processing and storage have…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Attention, Recall (Psychology)
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Matthew W. Lowder; Adrian Zhou; Peter C. Gordon – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
"Hospital" can refer to a physical place or more figuratively to the people associated with it. Such place-for-institution metonyms are common in everyday language, but there remain several open questions in the literature regarding how they are processed. The goal of the current eyetracking experiments was to investigate how metonyms…
Descriptors: Semantics, Eye Movements, Ambiguity (Semantics), Language Processing
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van 't Wout, Félice; Jarrold, Christopher – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Recent findings have shown that language plays an important role in the acquisition of novel cognitive tasks (van 't Wout & Jarrold, 2020). The current study sought to elucidate the factors that influence the contribution of language to novel task learning, focusing specifically on the role of task complexity (defined by the number of…
Descriptors: Language Role, Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
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Andrews, Sally; Veldre, Aaron; Wong, Roslyn; Yu, Lili; Reichle, Erik D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Facilitated identification of predictable words during online reading has been attributed to the generation of predictions about upcoming words. But highly predictable words are relatively infrequent in natural texts, raising questions about the utility and ubiquity of anticipatory prediction strategies. This study investigated the contribution of…
Descriptors: Aging (Individuals), Eye Movements, Reading Processes, Prediction
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Chen, Edward H.; Bailey, Drew H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
We performed a meta-analysis of dual-task experiments to assess the robustness of the effects of conducting working memory secondary tasks on arithmetic performance. Four hundred effect sizes from 21 studies from 1,049 participants were analyzed across a variety of specifications. Results revealed that increases in working memory load resulted in…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Arithmetic, Mathematics Skills, Task Analysis
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Huijser, Stefan; Taatgen, Niels A.; van Vugt, Marieke K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Preparing for the future during ongoing activities is an essential skill. Yet it is currently unclear to what extent we can prepare for the future in parallel with another task. In two experiments, we investigated how characteristics of a present task influenced whether and when participants prepared for the future, as well as its usefulness. We…
Descriptors: Futures (of Society), Cognitive Processes, Planning, Short Term Memory
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Cepulic, Dominik-Borna; Wilhelm, Oliver; Sommer, Werner; Hildebrandt, Andrea – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Recent research on individual differences in object cognition (OC) focused on determining how objects group together, and what type of processing lies behind the clusters--a single domain-general or multiple domain-specific processes. The expertise hypothesis suggests that all object categories are processed by the same mechanism that is…
Descriptors: Psychometrics, Recognition (Psychology), Human Body, Visual Perception
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Williams, Christopher R.; Cook, Anne E.; O'Brien, Edward J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The RI-Val model of comprehension includes a validation process in which linkages formed by integration are matched against active memory. In five experiments, we investigated factors that influence validation. Reading times were measured on target sentences that contained either correct information or semantically related, but incorrect content.…
Descriptors: Semantics, Memory, Reading Rate, Sentences
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Huff, Markus; Maurer, Annika E.; Brich, Irina; Pagenkopf, Anne; Wickelmaier, Florian; Papenmeier, Frank – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Humans segment the continuous stream of sensory information into distinct events at points of change. Between 2 events, humans perceive an event boundary. Present theories propose changes in the sensory information to trigger updating processes of the present event model. Increased encoding effort finally leads to a memory benefit at event…
Descriptors: Sensory Integration, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Reading Rate
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Finn, Amy S.; Hudson Kam, Carla L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
We ask whether an adult learner's knowledge of their native language impedes statistical learning in a new language beyond just word segmentation (as previously shown). In particular, we examine the impact of native-language word-form phonotactics on learners' ability to segment words into their component morphemes and learn phonologically…
Descriptors: Morphemes, Adult Learning, Second Language Learning, Morphology (Languages)
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Renkewitz, Frank; Jahn, Georg – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
We validate an eye-tracking method applicable for studying memory processes in complex cognitive tasks. The method is tested with a task on probabilistic inferences from memory. It provides valuable data on the time course of processing, thus clarifying previous results on heuristic probabilistic inference. Participants learned cue values of…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Eye Movements, Memory, Indexing