Reports on a study of the geographic content in 44 secondary school U.S. and European Advanced Placement history lessons. States that 75% of 550 references to geographic content were categorized as "passing references," not "substantive references." Concludes that core geographic concepts that enable students to understand and…

Contends that instruction at the primary school level should be consistent with the child's development and experiences. Describes how geography's "Five Themes" can be taught using an interdisciplinary approach. Includes three lesson plans divided among concrete, semiconcrete, and abstract levels of cognitive development. (CFR)

Defines geography as a holistic science that explains variations in the human-environment relationship over the earth's surface. Proposes bridging the gap between the specialized professional approach to geography and practical pedagogical needs. Maintains that geographers should translate their work for nongeographers. (CFR)