The characteristics of the environment in which colleges and universities exist--enrollment trends, financial exigencies, federal policy changes, unexpected disaster--are creating conditions of decline that require a new set of administrative and organizational responses. Flexibility, innovation, and pro-activity are suggested for effective…

A matrix of planning problems is developed to illustrate pitfalls typically encountered in formal planning. Problems with goals, participation, information and communication, interdependencies, and resources may occur at each of four planning stages: capacity to plan, and initiation, development, and implementation of plans. (Author/MLW)

Contending that the dominant issues confronting higher education are legal, economic, and technological, the author analyzes their specific forms of rationality and argues that although solutions will require better understanding of these forms, a broader perspective is needed that does not submerge the intellectual, cultural, and humanistic…