Rules and regularities of language are typically processed in an implicit and effortless way in the human brain. Individuals with developmental dyslexia have problems in implicit learning of regularities in sequential stimuli, but the neural basis of this deficit has not been studied. This study investigated extraction and utilization of a complex…

Numerous studies have tried to identify the core deficit of developmental dyscalculia (DD), mainly by assessing a possible deficit of the mental representation of numerical magnitude. Research in healthy adults has shown that numerosity, duration, and space share a partly common system of magnitude processing and representation. However, in DD,…

This article reviews the results of a meta-analysis of the experimental published literature that compares the academic, cognitive, and behavioral performance of adults with reading disabilities (RD) with average achieving adult readers. The meta-analysis shows that deficits independent of the classification measures emerged for adults with RD on…

The project Adult Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder in Finland (Project DyAdd) compares adults (n = 119, 18-55 years) with dyslexia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia together with ADHD (comorbid), and healthy controls with neuropsychological, psychophysical, and biological methods. The focus of this article is on the…

The study examined cognitive impairment in 21 learning disabled (LD) adults. Results indicated that LD adults consistently overestimated their ability to remember lists of words and that they were especially impaired on a test requiring termination of an exhaustive and thorough search for relevant material. (Author/DB)

Analysis of personal and educational histories and test data of 33 learning disabled adults revealed that many characteristics of learning disabled youngsters described in the literature persist into adulthood. Some significant sex differences in the reasoning section of the Woodcock-Johnson Cognitive Ability Test and in math achievement are also…

Analyzes how cognitive psychology defines and treats dyslexia. Shows how behaviorism and connectionism can function as supplements in areas in which cognitive psychology has displayed weaknesses and limitations. Characteristics of cognitive psychology, cognitive treatment, and behavioristic and connectionistic treatment are discussed. (CR)

Results of the comparison of metacomponential functioning and knowledge acquisition of adults with either mild mental retardation or learning disabilities found that (1) knowledge base is the best predictor of metacomponential skill, (2) metacomponential orchestration differentiates the two groups, and (3) IQ mediates metacognition, but does not…

A study investigated phonological processing skills of 28 undergraduates with dyslexia. When compared to 31 controls, subjects performed significantly less well on standardized measures of reading and spelling but in the average range. Controls, however, performed significantly better on all phonological processing measures, particularly those…

Adults (ages 17-23) with childhood developmental dyslexia (CD) completed measures of phonological processing, naming speed, working memory, general knowledge, vocabulary and comprehension. Subjects scored lower than chronological age-matched adults, but were similar to reading-level matched children on most processing measures. Results suggest…

Investigation of the relationship between short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) with 75 children and adults with learning disabilities and 86 children without learning disabilities concluded that STM and WM reflect different processes, both of which seem to separate the 2 ability groups. Both STM and WM were related to reading…

Factor analysis of the Swedish version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised on 88 adults with dyslexia showed a three-factor structure: a verbal comprehension (VC) factor, a perceptual organization (PO) factor, and a freedom from distractibility (FD) factor. The PO factor had the highest scores and the FD the lowest. (Contains…