Of 223 children who were coded as buy-a-year (BAY), overplaced (OP), or traditional (TR) based on their Gesell placement status, there were no significant differences between TR, BAY, or OP children on referrals or classification or on receipt of speech and language service, remedial reading, remedial math, or counseling. (Author/CL)

Discusses both the background and the current state of treatment of children with disabilities in Russia. Describes the theoretical basis of the modern Russian approach to disability, the current population's needs, and the existing system for referral and rehabilitation. Identifies merging trends and new perspectives on the Russian treatment of…

Focuses on problems with current referral-to-placement procedures that require a student to be found eligible for special education services before serving the student. Federal and state education agencies are urged to collaborate to support partnerships between special and general education to provide better outcomes for all students. (CR)