The article reviews and interprets some of the literature that has investigated the relationships between refractive status and reading and between binocular status and reading. The characterization of the visual process is pointed out as a major research problem. (Author)

The literature relating visual problems, reading, and academic difficulties with neurophysiological mechanisms shows positive interaction among these factors. Both visual-evoked response and encephalographic studies show parietal or occipitoparietal neurophysiological anomalies which can be used to discriminate between normal and disabled readers…

The study compared the effectiveness of Irlen filters and traditional optometric intervention with 30 volunteers (ages 9-51). Pre- and posttesting revealed that subjects in both treatment groups were more comfortable after treatment, that only the vision therapy group showed improved visual functioning, and that the Irlen filter group did not show…

The relationship between subtests of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities and the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration to a comprehensive battery of reading measures was investigated in a sample of 77 poor readers in grades 2 through 6. (Author/PHR)