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Pinyin Invented Spelling in Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Children with and without Reading Difficulties
Direct linkDing, Yi; Liu, Ru-De; McBride, Catherine; Zhang, Dake – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2015
This study examined analytical pinyin (a phonological coding system for teaching pronunciation and lexical tones of Chinese characters) skills in 54 Mandarin-speaking fourth graders by using an invented spelling instrument that tapped into syllable awareness, phoneme awareness, lexical tones, and tone sandhi in Chinese. Pinyin invented spelling…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Intelligence Tests
Peer reviewedMann, Virginia A. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 1993
One hundred kindergarten children completed a phoneme segmentation test, an invented spelling test, and two tests of visual-motor ability. Scores on both tests of phoneme awareness predicted between 30% and 40% of variance in reading ability a year later, while visual-motor scores bore a less substantial relationship to future reading ability.…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Invented Spelling, Kindergarten, Phonemes
