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Erickson, Jon L. – Journal of Linguistics, 1973
According to Cowan, an underground rule is one that affects underlying but not surface structure of the item responsible for a phonological change. (DD)
Descriptors: Consonants, Deep Structure, Descriptive Linguistics, Diachronic Linguistics

Dinnsen, D. – Journal of Linguistics, 1985
Reviews research studies that raise serious questions about phonological neutralization, that is, the merger of a contrast in certain contexts. Some findings cast doubt on the very existence of neutralization and the correctness of the theoretical principles that make assumptions based on neutralization. Reanalyzes neutralization in light of these…
Descriptors: Acoustic Phonetics, Consonants, Descriptive Linguistics, Distinctive Features (Language)

McMahon, April M. S. – Journal of Linguistics, 1991
Shows that the Scottish Vowel Length Rule supports Kiparsky's (1988) association of diffusing sound changes with lexical, and neogrammarian changes with postlexical rules, and to some extent, is a clearer illustration of Harris' (1989a: 55) notion of a phonological "life cycle" of changes and rules. (50 references) (GLR)
Descriptors: Communication Research, Comparative Analysis, Descriptive Linguistics, Diffusion (Communication)