The authors used a factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine whether counselor trainees' group differences on measures of multicultural competence, empathy, and multicultural counseling self-efficacy (CSE) when working with Middle Eastern American (MEA) clients were moderated by trainee race. Two hundred and fifty-six…

Fifty-one clients were surveyed to examine the effect of counselor discussion of racial and ethnic differences in counseling. Analyses revealed that White counselors who discussed these differences with their clients of color were rated as more credible and as having stronger working alliances than those who did not discuss such differences.…

This study examined the effects of counselor language switching and counselor ethnicity on bilingual Mexican American participants' emotional self-disclosure. Counselor language (English only and Spanish with English) was crossed with counselor ethnicity (Mexican American and European American) to produce 4 treatment conditions. Judges'…

Describes communication process in counseling as an intervention for client change, in and of itself, and not just the medium by which a counselor applies his or her specific counseling approaches. Provides a culturally embedded model of communication to illustrate how effective communication alters the framework and depths of understanding of…

This article describes a training design to help counselor trainees perceive the positive and negative messages in a client's internal dialog. Twenty graduate counselors-in-training produced 2 10-minute interviews with simultaneous feedback from an anticounselor (gives explicit negative messages) and a procounselor (gives explicit positive…

The authors conducted an analog study to investigate the difference between culturally responsive and culturally neutral counselors. Sixty Asian international students were interviewed by six counselors. Students in the culturally responsive condition rated their counselors as significantly more expert, attractive, and trustworthy than those in…

Black adults (n=53) using services at Afro-American Community Center read bogus resumes and letters of application and completed the Cultural Mistrust Inventory, the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale, and the Self-Disclosure Scale with regard to a White counselor. Found a direct relationship between mistrust of Whites in general and perceptions…

Psychiatric disorders on a global scale, combined with rapid national population diversification, demand that mental health professionals worldwide become more informed about the realities of diagnosing and treating a multicultural patient population. Recommendations are offered to enable such professionals to most efficaciously diagnose and treat…

In a study of 20 female and 21 male Korean clients with three group counseling approaches (individualistic, collective, and combination of both), no treatment effects were found for social commitment or perceptions of counselor effectiveness. Significant changes were seen in individualism-collectivism congruent with different treatments. (Author)