Colorism is discrimination based on skin tone. Skin color influences clinicians' diagnostic impressions. The degree to which colorism influences counseling students' clinical decision making is unknown. This study examined colorism's effect on counselor education master's students' (N = 154) clinical decisions. Analysis of covariance failed to…

This study examined ethnic identity, racial centrality, minority status stress, and impostor feelings as predictors of mental health in a sample of 218 Black college students. Ethnic identity was found to be a significant positive predictor of mental health, whereas minority status stress and impostor feelings were significant negative predictors.…

This study sought to determine changes in 121 White counseling students following their participation in an experiential, race-based course taught in a group format. Pre- and postoutcomes were reported based on instruments that measured White racial identity development, White privilege, color blindness, and the costs of racism. Findings indicated…

The authors examined differential contributions of Black racial identity and racial attitudes toward Whites in determining counselor preferences. Results indicated that racial attitudes accounted for a significant portion of the variance in same-race counselor preference. In addition, Black racial attitudes were distinguished from racial identity…

Racial identity and self-concept development in biracial students are examined. Because of biracial students' high incidence of academic and behavioral problems, this article includes a compilation of strategies for school counselors as well as schoolwide programs designed to reduce prejudice toward and increase acceptance of these students. A…

Ethnic identity encompasses self concept and self identification, a sense of belonging, and positive and negative attitudes toward one's ethnic group. The author describes an exercise that introduces and facilitates awareness of the concept of ethnic identity by illustrating, with real life experiences and examples, the multidimensionality of…

Explored relationships among dating patterns, dating preferences, and stereotypes of Black and White Americans in Black college students on predominantly White campuses. Results indicated the majority of students dated within race. However, more men than women preferred to date interracially, with no indication that there was a White preference.…

As a result of recent psychometric analyses, the conceptual model of White racial consciousness has been revised. A summary of the new conceptualization is presented along with a brief description of the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes Scale, which will replace the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes-Preliminary Form. (Contains 11 references.) (Author)

This investigation examined how racial identity profiles, using J. E. Helms's (1996) profile scoring procedure, were related to racist attitudes. One finding showed that participants with an undifferentiated or flat profile scored significantly higher in racist attitudes than participants with other racial identity profiles. Implications for…

Data presented for 124 young adult Black men indicate that self-esteem was positively related to participants' Internalization racial identity attitudes, and negatively related to conformity to traditional masculine norms in the dominant culture in the United States. Psychological distress was positively related to Pre-Encounter and…

Explores the relationship between white racial identity attitudes and expectations about counseling. Results indicate men and women differ in their expectations about counseling and their levels of white racial identity attitudes. There was no significant relationship between them, however. Results are examined in relation to previous findings in…

This article reports on and discusses the use of the immersion experience in a multicultural counseling course as a means of confronting unacknowledged racism on the part of White students. An abbreviated version of weekly journal entries from an immersion experience is presented, and the racial identity challenges faced are discussed.

Certain racial identity attitudes may involve diminished internal emotional awareness, features of a syndrome known as "alexithymia," which has been observed in survivors of extreme trauma. This study found that levels of alexithymia, but not eating disorders, were related to attitudes characteristic of early stages of racial identity…

This study examined causal relationships between anxiety, racism, and self-esteem in a sample of White graduate and undergraduate students (N=169). Results indicated that level of anxiety had a direct effect on anti-Black attitudes, which, in turn, had a direct effect on self-esteem. Implications for counseling interventions aimed at preventing…

Study examines the effects of Hispanic counselors' race and speech accent on Asian American and African American students' initial perceptions. Results show that students' gender, race, and level of "universal-diverse" orientation, along with counselors' speech accent, predicted students' initial perceptions of the counselors and of the…